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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alexander Hamilton
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He was the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, a Founding Father, economist, and political philosopher. He was one of America's first Constitutional lawyers, and wrote most of the Federalist Papers.
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The Founding Fathers
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They were the political leaders who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 or otherwise took part in the American Revolution in winning American independence from Great Britain.
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The Virginia Plan
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It were the political leaders who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 or otherwise took part in the American Revolution in winning American independence from Great Britain. Was notable for its role in setting the overall agenda for debate in the convention and, in particular, for setting forth the idea of population-weighted representation in the proposed national legislature.
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The Great Compromise
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was an agreement between large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. t proposed a bicameral legislature, resulting in the current United States Senate and House of Representatives.
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James Madison
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Was an American politician and political philosopher who served as the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817) and is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was the principal author of the US Constitution, and is often called the "Father of the Constitution". In 1788, he wrote over a third of the Federalist Papers, the most influential commentary on the Constitution.
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Sovereignty
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The quality of having supreme, independent authority over a geographic area, such as a territory. It can be found in a power to rule and make law that rests on a political fact for which no purely legal explanation can be provided.
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Separation of Powers
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It is a model for the governance of both democratic & federative states. Under this model, the state is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that no one branch has more power than the other branches. The normal division of branches is into an executive, a legislature, and a judiciary.
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Federalists
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It describes several political beliefs around the world. It may refer to the concept of federalism or the type of government called federation.
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Anti Federalist
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It is a political philosophy which opposes the concept of Federalism. They dictate that the central governing authority of a nation should be equal or inferior to, but not having more power than, its sub-national states (state government).
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The Federalist Papers
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They are a series of 85 articles or essays advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution. Was published in two volumes in 1788 by J. and A. McLean.
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The Bill of Rights
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It is the name by which the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known. They were introduced by James Madison to the First United States Congress in 1798 as a series of legislative articles, and came into effect as Constitutional Amendments on December 15, 1791, through the process of ratification by three-fourths of the States.
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The Cabinet
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It is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States. Its existence dates back to the first American President, George Washington, who appointed a Cabinet of four people to advise and assist him in his duties.
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Bank of the United States
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The First Bank was a bank chartered by the United States Congress on February 25, 179. The Bank was created to handle the financial needs and requirements of the central government of the newly formed United States, which had previously been thirteen individual colonies with their own banks, currencies, financial institutions, and policies.
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Whiskey Rebellion
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Was a tax protest in Pennsylvania in the 1790s, during the presidency of George Washington. The conflict was rooted in western dissatisfaction with a 1791 excise tax on whiskey. The tax was a part of treasury secretary Alexander Hamilton's program to centralize and fund the national debt.
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Citizen Genet
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He was a French ambassador to the United States during the French Revolution.
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Jay's Treaty
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Was a treaty between the United States and Great Britain that is credited with averting war, solving many issues left over from the American Revolution and the Treaty of Paris of 1783, and opening ten or more years of mostly peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars that had began in 1793.
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Pinckney's Treaty
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Was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River.
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The Quasi War
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It was an undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800. In 1794, after the French Revolution toppled that country's monarchy, the American government came to an agreement with the Kingdom of Great Britain, the Jay Treaty, that resolved several points of contention between the United States and Great Britain that had lingered since the end of the Revolutionary War.
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The XYZ Affair
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It was diplomatic event that strained relations relations between France and the United States, and led to an undeclared naval war called the Quasi-War. It took place from March of 1798 to 1800. Three French agents, publicly referred to as X, Y and Z, but later revealed as Jean Conrad Hottinguer, Pierre Bellamy and Lucien Hauteval, demanded major concessions from the United States as a condition for continuing bilateral peace negotiations.
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Alien and Sedition Acts
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They were four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalists in the 5th United States Congress during an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the Quasi-War. They were signed into law by President John Adams. Democratic-Republicans, like later historians, denominated them as being both unconstitutional and designed to stifle criticism of the administration, and as infringing on the right of the states to act in these areas. They became a major political issue in the elections of 1798 and 1800.
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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
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They were political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures resolved to not abide by Alien and Sedition Acts. They argued that the Acts were unconstitutional and therefore void, and in doing so, they argued for states' rights and strict constructionism of the Constitution. They were written secretly by Vice President Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, respectively.
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Aaron Burr
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He served as the third Vice President of the United States (1801–1805) under President Thomas Jefferson, and was the first Vice President to never serve as President. He fought in the Revolutionary War, was an important political figure in the nation's early history, and spent much of his career after politics engaging in a number of controversial adventures.
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The Judiciary Act of 1801
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It represented an effort to solve an issue in the U.S. Supreme Court during the early 19th century. There was concern, beginning in 1789, about the system that required the justices of the Supreme Court to "ride circuit” and reiterate decisions made in the appellate level courts. The Supreme Court justices often took advantage of opportunities to voice concern and to suggest that the judges of the Supreme and circuit courts be divided.
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