Chapter 15 Flashcards For 15-17 Bio Test

Front 1

The "reproduction of pre-existing life is called what?

Back 1

Biogenesis

Front 2

The four-stage hypothesis for the origin of life

**Essay Question

Back 2

Stage 1: Abiotic Synthesis of Organic Monomers

Stage 2: Abiotic Synthesis of Polymers

Stage 3: Formation of Pre-Cells

Stage 4: Origin of Self-Replicating Molecules

Front 3

Prokaryotes

Back 3

--Are found wherever there is life

--Have a collective biomass that is at least 10 times that of all eukaryotes.

--thrive in habitates too cold, too hot, too salty, too acidic, or too alkaline for any eukaryote.

--Cause about half of all human diseases

--Are more commonly benign or beneficial

Front 4

Compared to eukaryotes, prokaryotes are...

Back 4

--Much more abundant

--Typically much smaller

Front 5

The three most common shapes of prokaryotes are what?

Back 5

1) Spherical (cocci)

2) Rod-shaped (bacilli)

3) Spiral or curved

Front 6

Some prokaryotes form endospores. Endospores are what?

Back 6

--Thick-coated, protective cells.

--Produced when the prokaryote is exposed to unfavorable conditions.

Front 7

Pathogens are what?

Back 7

Bacteria and other organisms that cause disease

Front 8

Bioremediation is...

Back 8

--The use of organisms to remove pollutants from water, air, and soil.

Front 9

Protists are...

Back 9

--Eukaryotes that are not fungi, animals, or plants.

--Mostly unicellular

--Ancestral to all other eukaryotes

Front 10

Eukaryotic cells evolved by

Back 10

--the infolding of the plasma membrane of a prokaryotic cell (to form the endomembrane system.)

--A process known as endosymbiosis

Front 11

Endosymbiosis (2 things)

Back 11

--Refers to one species living inside another host species.

--Is the process by which eukaryotes gained mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Front 12

Protozoans are...

Back 12

Protists that live primarily by ingesting food

Front 13

Algae are...

Back 13

--Photosynthic protists whose chloroplasts support freshwater and marine ecosystems

Front 14

Seaweeds (5 things)

Back 14

--Are large, multicellular marine algae

--Grow on or near rocky shores

--Are only similar to plants because of convergent evolution

--Are most closely related to unicellular algae

--Are often edible

Front 15

The three groups of seaweeds are...

Back 15

--Red algae

--Green algae

--Brown algae