Chapter 10

Front 1

Social conflict perspective

Back 1

An analytical perspective on social organization which holds that conflict is a fundamental aspect of social life itself and can never fully bresolved

Front 2

Radical criminology

Back 2

A perspective that holds the causes of crime are rooted in social conditions that empower the wealthy and the politically well organized but disenfranchise those less fortunate. Radical criminology is sometimes called Marxist criminology

Front 3

Bourgeoisie

Back 3

In Marxist theory, the class of people that owns the means of production

Front 4

Proletariat

Back 4

In Marxist theory, the working class

Front 5

Structural Marxism

Back 5

A perspective that holds that the structural institutions of society influence the behaviour of individuals and groups by virtue of the type relationships created. The criminal law, for example, reflects class relationships and serves to reinforce those relationships

Front 6

Instrumental Marxism

Back 6

A perspective that holds that those in power intentionally create laws and social institutions that serve their own interests and that keep others from becoming powerful

Front 7

Critical criminology

Back 7

A perspective focused on challenging traditional understandings and on uncovering false beliefs about crime and criminal justice

Front 8

Left-realist criminology

Back 8

A conflict perspective that insists on a pragmatic assessment of crime and its associated problems

Front 9

Feminist criminology

Back 9

A self-conscious corrective model intended to redirect the thinking mainstream criminologist to include gender awareness

Front 10

Liberal feminism

Back 10

A perspective that holds that gender-role socialization is the primary source of women's oppression

Front 11

Radical feminism

Back 11

The perspective that patriarchy is the cause of women's oppression

Front 12

Patriarchy

Back 12

The tradition of male dominance

Front 13

Marxist feminism

Back 13

A perspective in feminist criminology that sees the oppression of women as caused by their subordinate class status within capitalist societies

Front 14

Social feminism

Back 14

A perspective that examines social roles and the gender-based division of labour within the family, seeing both as a significant source of women's insubordination within society

Front 15

Postmodern feminism

Back 15

A perspective in modern criminology that questions the social construction of concepts typically used in discussions of crime and justice

Front 16

Peacemaking criminology

Back 16

A perspective that holds that crime-control agencies and the citizens they serve should work together to alleviate social problems and human suffering and thus reduce crime

Front 17

Peace model

Back 17

An approach to crime control that focuses on effective ways for developing a shared consensus on critical issues that have the potential to seriously affect the quality of life

Front 18

Restorative justice

Back 18

A perspective that stresses remedies and restoration rather than prison, punishment, and neglect of victims

Front 19

Circle sentencing conferences

Back 19

Groups of community members who actively assist justice authorities by participating in discussions about available sentencing options and plans to reintegrate the offender back into the community

Front 20

Victim-Offender Reconciliation Program (VORP)

Back 20

A program that gives the offender the opportunity to meet face-to-face with the victim in the presence of a trained mediator in an attempt to reduce the victim's fears while establishing accountability and reparation for the crime

Front 21

Family group conferencing

Back 21

A forum for dealing with unanswered questions, emotions, and the victim's right to restitution and reparation resulting from a crime

Front 22

community sentencing panels

Back 22

groups compsed of volunteers from the community who focus on restorative measures such as restitution, reparation, mediation, and victim involvement

Front 23

Community policing

Back 23

A philosophy of policing involving proactive collaboration between the police and the community to prevent and respond to crime and other community problems

Front 24

Participatory justice

Back 24

A relatively informal type of justice case processing which makes use of local community resources rather than requiring traditional forms of official intervention