Chap 11- Final

Front 1

Brain enlargement in the genus Homo coupled with a reduction of chewing muscles is correlated with a growing reliance on tools

Back 1

TRUE

Front 2

The Zhoukoudian fossils belonged to the species Homo habilis.

Back 2

FALSE

Front 3

Homo habilis used Acheulian hand axes.

Back 3

FALSE

Front 4

Homo erectus had longer legs than those of earlier hominids.

Back 4

TRUE

Front 5

Eugène Dubois found fossils of this species in Southeast Asia

Back 5

Homo erectus.

Front 6

Eugène Dubois was unique among major evolutionists in the nineteenth century in that he sought to test hypotheses about early human ancestors with:

Back 6

fossil evidence.

Front 7

Modern human traits including increasing brain size and dependence on material culture first show up in:

Back 7

Homo habilis.

Front 8

Relative to Australopithecines, Homo habilis is characterized by:

Back 8

a smaller face.

a bigger brain.

a rounder and larger skull.

All of the above.

Front 9

Relative to earlier hominids, Homo erectus is marked by

Back 9

a large increase in body size

Front 10

The many stone tools, fragmentary animal bones, and teeth found at Gran Dolina, Spain, indicate that hominids there:

Back 10

processed and consumed animals and other hominids.

Front 11

Increased body size in Homo erectus relative to earlier hominids is most likely related to:

Back 11

increased protein in the diet.

Front 12

The Acheulian complex:

Back 12

emerged around 1.5 mya.

Front 13

Relative to Oldowan tools, Acheulian stone tools:

Back 13

required more learning and skill to produce

Front 14

Homo erectus’s cranial capacity:

Back 14

ranges from 650 cc to 1,200 cc.

Front 15

According to the text, the first hominid to migrate out of Africa was:

Back 15

Homo erectus.

Front 16

Which of the following is a stone tool industry characterized by bifacially flaked tools and dated to the Lower and Middle Pleistocene? These are usually associated with Homo erectus.

Back 16

Acheulian

Front 17

The Nariokotome Homo erectus

Back 17

would have had an adult height of around 6 feet.

Front 18

Homo erectus differs most from modern humans in

Back 18

the cranium.

Front 19

The basic, all purpose stone tool of Homo erectus was the

Back 19

hand ax.

Front 20

A dental trait seen in several Homo erectus fossils is

Back 20

shovel-shaped incisors.

Front 21

The site that reveals the most information about Homo erectus lifestyle is

Back 21

Zhoukoudian.

Front 22

The grouping of organisms into categories such as orders or families is

Back 22

classification.

Front 23

Taxonomic classification

Back 23

reflects evolutionary relationships.

Front 24

The living African large-bodied hominoids include

Back 24

chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans.

Front 25

Which of the following are traits that are used to define hominid?

Back 25

bipedalism

Front 26

Paleoanthropology is

Back 26

the study of ancient hominids and humans.

Front 27

The earliest stone artifacts are approximately __________ years old.

Back 27

2.5 million

Front 28

Which of the following hominid sites has yielded the most information regarding behavior of early hominids?

Back 28

Olduvai Gorge

Front 29

Artifacts

Back 29

are very informative regarding hominid behavior.

Front 30

The earliest hominid tools (that we have evidence for) are made of

Back 30

STONE

Front 31

Volcanic activity

Back 31

can provide excellent preservation of bone and artifacts.

Front 32

Dating techniques that indicate only that something is older or more recent than something else

Back 32

are relative techniques.

Front 33

A dating technique based upon the principle that older geological deposits are beneath more recent deposits is

Back 33

stratigraphic dating.

Front 34

Which of the following is an advantage of bipedal locomotion over quadrupedal locomotion?

Back 34

Bipedalism frees the hands for carrying objects.

Front 35

All the East African Plio-Pleistocene hominid fossil sites are located in the vicinity of what major geological feature?

Back 35

Rift Valley

Front 36

Hominid footprints preserved in a volcanic deposit approximately 3.5 million years old were found at

Back 36

Laetoli.

Front 37

The "Lucy" skeleton was discovered at

Back 37

Hadar.

Front 38

Compared to Australopithecus, early Homo is characterized by

Back 38

LARGER TEETH, SMALLER BRAIN

Front 39

The original genus name assigned to Homo erectus from Java was

Back 39

Pithecanthropus

Front 40

The Pleistocene epoch began ________ million years ago.

Back 40

1.8

Front 41

The average cranial capacity of H. erectus is

Back 41

approximately 1000 cubic centimeter

Front 42

Fossil remains of perhaps 40 Homo erectus individuals and thousands of artifacts have been found at

Back 42

Zhoukoudian

Front 43

Definite Homo erectus remains have been found in

Back 43

CHINA

Front 44

Archaic Homo sapiens are the first hominids to have expanded beyond Africa into other parts of the Old World.

Back 44

FALSE

Front 45

Archaic Homo sapiens display several primitive features found in geologically older hominids (e.g., Homo erectus).

Back 45

TRUE

Front 46

Some Neandertal skulls have cranial capacities that are larger than those of the average modern human.

Back 46

TRUE

Front 47

Stress markers in the teeth that reflect growth disruption due to poor diets or to poor health are called dental hypoplasias.

Back 47

TRUE

Front 48

In terms of mtDNA, Neandertals differ more from modern humans than any one modern group differs from any other.

Back 48

TRUE

Front 49

The first nonmodern human fossil to be discovered, and recognized as such, was the:

Back 49

Neandertal skull from Germany.

Front 50

Fossil remains of archaic Homo sapiens:

Back 50

show a mixture of Homo erectus and H. sapiens traits

Front 51

The Neandertals are last recorded in the fossil record about:

Back 51

30,000 yBP.

Front 52

Analyses of modern human genetic variation suggest that Homo sapiens evolved approximately:

Back 52

200,000 yBP.

Front 53

Anatomically modern humans are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 53

average cranial capacity of 750 cc.

Front 54

According to the Out-of-Africa model, the transition from archaic to modern Homo sapiens:

Back 54

occurred only once, in Africa.

Front 55

All the following traits suggest cold adaptation for Neandertals EXCEPT

Back 55

a narrow nasal aperture.

Front 56

The middle Pleistocene archaic Homo sapiens is credited with inventing:

Back 56

prepared core "points" that may have been hafted to spear shafts.

Front 57

The archeological period in Europe starting about 35,000 yBP, marked by a great increase in technology and various kinds of art, is called the:

Back 57

Upper Paleolithic period

Front 58

Middle Paleolithic prepared-core stone tools, usually associated with Neandertals, are called the:

Back 58

Mousterian.

Front 59

The best fossil evidence to suggest that Neandertals could produce a language like that of modern humans comes from which bone(s) collected at Kebara, Israel?

Back 59

the hyoid

Front 60

Human beings first arrived in the Americas approximately:

Back 60

15,000 yBP.

Front 61

The hominid skeleton (LB1) recovered from the Indonesian island of Flores:

Back 61

has a very small brain, less than 400 cc.

lived there about 18,000 yBP.

stood about three feet tall in life.

All of the above.

Front 62

Shovel-shaped incisors are one of the most distinctive features of people from:

Back 62

east Asia and the Americas.

Front 63

The distinctive fluted spear points used by early Native Americans (Paleoindians) to hunt large-bodied Ice Age mammals are:

Back 63

Folsom points.

Front 64

The idea that cranial shape can change within a human population as a result of dietary change is referred to as the:

Back 64

masticatory-functional hypothesis

Front 65

Osteoarthritis is a skeletal disorder most easily seen on:

Back 65

joint surfaces

Front 66

Which of the following is not associated with the initial transition from foraging to agriculture?

Back 66

lower incidence of dental caries (cavities)

Front 67

Based on the archaeological record from various areas, what was the initial effect on height of the agriculture’s adoption?

Back 67

Height decreased.

Front 68

The great human population increase of the Holocene was probably due to

Back 68

decreased birth spacing.

Front 69

Dental caries increased in some areas where agriculture began, due to an increase in the consumption of:

Back 69

starchy carbohydrates.

Front 70

Scientists who study plant remains in the archaeological record are:

Back 70

paleoethnobotanists

Front 71

All of the following are advantages of agriculture over foraging EXCEPT:

Back 71

agriculture has led to increased diversity in food.

Front 72

How many separate centers of domestication exist, according to archaeologists?

Back 72

11

Front 73

Çatalhöyük is an important Neolithic site located in:

Back 73

southwest Asia.

Front 74

What effect did the advent of agriculture have on the level of interpersonal violence seen in the archaeological record?

Back 74

Violence increased.

Front 75

One of the most important technological innovations that appeared at about the same time as agriculture was:

Back 75

ceramics

Front 76

Modern humans have existed for over 100,000 years, but only over the last 10,000 years has Earth’s population grown three orders of magnitude, from a few million people to over six billion today.

Back 76

TRUE

Front 77

The archeological period between the end of the Upper Paleolithic but prior to the domestication of plants and animals is called the Mesolithic.

Back 77

TRUE

Front 78

In the late 1960s, Lee and DeVore argued that South African food-foraging people actually had more leisure time than early farmers.

Back 78

TRUE

Front 79

Greater reduction in jaw size relative to tooth size during the Holocene has led to greater incidence of:

Back 79

dental crowding.

Front 80

The region of the Levant that contains more than fifty archaeological sites documenting the development of early farming villages in the Middle East is called:

Back 80

the Fertile Crescent.

Front 81

Regarding the Neolithic, which of the following is TRUE?

Back 81

It is characterized by small, settled villages where the domestication of plants and/or animals took place.

Front 82

Biochemist Richard Marlar provided definitive evidence for cannibalism in Cowboy Wash, Colorado, with the discovery of:

Back 82

human muscle protein in human coprolites (fossil feces)

Front 83

Archaeological evidence showing a shift from long and narrow skulls to short and wide skulls, as a result of a change in diet linked to domestication, has been found in:

Back 83

Nubia.

Front 84

Allergic reactions to food are a signal that the body is responding to something perceived as a foreign antigen

Back 84

TRUE

Front 85

There is no evidence that natural selection continues to play a role in our biology.

Back 85

FALSE

Front 86

The burning of coal is one of the main contributing factors to global warming.

Back 86

TRUE

Front 87

Reduction of biodiversity

Back 87

reduces our ability to produce food.

Front 88

Anthropogenic forces that contribute to greenhouse gases include all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 88

movements of the continental plates

Front 89

What percentage of the world’s population currently lives in cities?

Back 89

50%

Front 90

Life expectancy in the United States has:

Back 90

increased since 1900, due largely to improvements in medicine and in sanitation.

Front 91

Hip fractures in older adults are:

Back 91

more common in modern societies than in previous ones.

related to increased longevity.

related to reduced activity levels in industrialized societies.

All of the above.

Front 92

Industrialization is associated with:

Back 92

increase in environmental pollutants.

Front 93

Of the 6.6 billion people in the world today, _____ suffer from malnutrition.

Back 93

one billion.