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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where is urbanisation happening the fastest |
poorer countries |
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what is urbanisation |
growth in the proportion of a countries population living in urban areas |
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what is urbanisation caused by |
rural urban migration |
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why do people in poorer country's move |
shortages of services like education hospitals water power believe standard of living is better in in cities more jobs |
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why do people move in richer countries |
most occurred during industrial and agricultural revolutions as machinery replaced farm labour jobs created in factories |
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why do young people increase the population in urban areas |
because they have children and due to better healthcare they live for longer so increases the proportion of population |
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what are the 4 main parts a city is split into |
the rural urban fringe the suburbs the inner city CBD |
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what is the rural urban bring e used for |
right at edge of city land is used for urban and rural use fewer larger houses |
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what is the suburbs used for |
housing areas towards edge of city cheaper land close to commute to city middle class families live here due to less crime pollution than inner city and nicer environment |
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what is inner city used for |
found around the CBD mix of poorer quality houses and older industrial buildings run down deprived new housing and industry derelict land cleared nd redeveloped |
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what is the CBD used for |
central business district commercial , shops, offices transport routes meet high land prices lots of competition for space tall buildings building density high low population |
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is the land use the same in all cities |
no |
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what are the urban issues in richer areas |
shortage of good quality houses run down CBDS traffic congestion = pollution ethnic segregation |
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how is the shortage of houses being tackled |
urban renewal schemes new town relocation incentives |
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what are urban renewal schemes |
government strategies encourage investment in new housing services and employment in derelict inner city areas dockland development in Liverpool is example |
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what is new towns |
brand new towns built to cope with the overspill populations milton keynes is an example |
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what are relocation incentives |
encourages living in large council houses to move out as space is not needed frees up houses in urban areas for working families |
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what are the 4 steps for revitalising the CBDs |
pedestrianising - make it safer nicer improving access - public transport converting improving public areas |
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what are the 4 impacts of cars in urban environments |
more air pollution - damages health more road accidents air pollution damages buildings more traffic jams and congestion |
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what are the 4 solutions for cars and traffic |
improving public transport increasing car parking charges bus priority lanes pedestrianisation of central areas |
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what are the reasons for ethnic segregation |
people prefer to live near people of the same background religion and language live near important cultural services e.g. temple thus same ethnic people live near each other same ethnic group restricted to place of living due to money so all end up in same area |
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what are the 4 strategies which make sure everyone has access to equal services |
access info about diff services - leaflets in diff lang improving communications involving leaders of community to make decisions providing interpreters at hospitals police stations suitable services for diff cultures |
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what are the 3 problems of rapid urbanisation and industrialisation |
waste disposal problems - health nd environmental problems especially if its toxic not disposed properly air pollution fuels exhaust water pollution carries sewage toxic chemicals harms wildlife and health |
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what are the 3 reasons for why water disposal is a major problem in poorer countries |
money - can't afford to dispose safely treating toxic = expensive infrastructure - no roads so lorries can't get in scale - problem huge 1000 tonnes of rubbish everyday |
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what are the 3 effects of air pollution |
acid rain - damages buildings vegetation health problems like bronchitis headaches destroy the ozone layer which protects us from harmful rays |
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what are the 2 management strategies for air pollution |
setting air quality standards for industries constantly monitoring levels of pollutants to check if they're safe |
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what are the 3 effects of water pollution |
kills fish disrupting food chains harmful chemicals build up in food chain poison humans who eat fish from it contamination spreads diseases like typhoid |
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what are the 2 management strategies for controlling water pollution |
building sewage treatment plants passing laws forcing factories to remove pollutants form their waste |
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why is managing pollution harder in poor countries |
costs lot of money requires skilled workers infrastructure |
