Ch. Nervous System And Sensory Organs

Front 1

A disease of white matter affecting ___ cells may cause difficulties with memory.

Back 1

Schwann cells (envelops and rotates around the axon forming myelin sheath)

Front 2

The conscious control of the skeletal muscles is referred to as ____ nervous system function.

A. Sympathetic

B. Autonomic

C. Somatic

Back 2

Somatic

Front 3

____ impulses are carried by the dendrites toward the neuron cell body. Axons carry ___ impulses away from the cell body.

Back 3

Afferent (towards neuron) , efferent (away)

Front 4

A neuron ____ by opening sodium channels. This change in charge is known as ___ ___.

Back 4

Depolarize, action potential

Front 5

The brain stem forms the connection between brain and spinal cord and is composed of these three anatomic areas.

Back 5

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla oblongata

Front 6

The ____ connects the brain stem to the cerebrum.

A. Cerebellum

B. Midbrain

C. Diancephalon

Back 6

Diancephelon

Front 7

The ____ ____ separates the capillaries in the brain from the nervous tissue, preventing substances from passing from the blood into the brain

Back 7

Blood-brain barrier

Front 8

The fibrous structure connecting the two halves of the brain.

Back 8

Corpus callosum

Front 9

The ___, dorsal to the brain stem, maintains balance, coordination, and complex reflexes.

Back 9

Cerebellum

Front 10

The three major components of the diancephelon.

Back 10

Hypothalamus, thalamus, pituitary

Front 11

Some sulfa drugs (), and other meds, are able to cross the ___ ____ and treat infections that may be occurring in the brain or meninges.

Back 11

Blood brain barrier

Front 12

An older dog that is having changes in behavior and having a hard time remembering where none objects are found. May be having a problem with which area of the brain?

A. Frontal lobe

B. Mid brain

C. Cerebrum

Back 12

Cerebrum (The largest part of the brain, the cerebrum initiates and coordinates movement, speech, judgment, thinking and reasoning, problem-solving, emotions and learning.)

Front 13

Assessing the external effects of the twelve ____ ____ can give us insight until what may be going on inside the brain.

A. Cranial nerves

B. Lobes of the brain

Back 13

Cranial nerves (Olfactory nerve (CN I), optic nerve (CN II), oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), trigeminal nerve (CN V), abducens nerve (CN VI), facial nerve (CN VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), and hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).)

Front 14

The ___ ____ is a merging of the axillary, radial, median, and ulnar nerves.

A. Brain stem

B. Brachial plexus

C. Trigeminal nerve

Back 14

Brachial plexus (bundle of nerves that stems from nerve roots in the cervical (neck) and upper trunk (torso) sections of the spinal cord, creating a network that connects to the nerves in the arm.)

Front 15

The ___ ___ ___originates from the cranial and sacral aspects of the spinal cord and is differentiated by long, pre-ganglionic neurons.

A. Parasympathetic nervous system

B. Sympathetic nervous system

C. Cranial sacral system

Back 15

Parasympathetic nervous system

Front 16

The stretch withdrawal and extensor reflexes are examples of ___ ___, or rapid, autonomic, nerve-to- nerve interaction to protect the body.

Back 16

Reflex arcs

Front 17

____ neurons carry signals such as touch and tasteto the brain, while ____ neurons carry signals from the brain to muscles.

Back 17

Sensory neurons, motor neurons

Front 18

The five general senses are .....

Back 18

Visceral sensation, touch/tactile, temperature, pain, proprioception

Front 19

Sensory receptors respond to which four stimuli?

Back 19

Mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, chemical

Front 20

The feeling of fullness in a hollow organ such as an empty/full stomach or bladder is an example of which sense?

Back 20

Visceral sense

Front 21

While superficial temperature receptors are in the skin, central temperature receptors are found within the ___ to monitor internal temperature of the body.

Back 21

Hypothalamus

Front 22

Pain receptors, also known as ______, are located everywhere in the body except the ___.

Back 22

Nociceptors, the brain

Front 23

The four processes of pain reception are....

Back 23

1. Transduction

2. Transmission

3. Modulation

4. Perception

Front 24

During the transduction phase of pain processing, ____.

Back 24

Painful stimulus is converted to nerve impulse

Front 25

During the ___ phase of pain processing, the pain signal is relayed to the spinal cord.

Back 25

Transmission

Front 26

The pain phase, ____, occurs in the spinal cord and the pain will become more or less severe.

Back 26

Modulation

Front 27

Pain is classified in two ways:

Back 27

Location and chronicity

Front 28

An animal with poor perception of where it's limbs are in space is said to have a ___ deficit. This can mean a problem in which area of the brain?

Back 28

Proprioceptive, cerebellum

Front 29

Sense of taste is referred to medically as the ____ sense.

Back 29

Gustatory sense

Front 30

___ ___ is an exaggerated pain response if pain is left untreated.

Back 30

Wind up

Front 31

The vestibule and semi circular canals of the inner ear are involved in the complex process of ____.

Back 31

Equilibrium

Front 32

Nocturnal animals have a higher percentage of rods/cones than diurnal animals.

Back 32

Rods

Front 33

Animals with better color vision have more rods/cones than those with poorer color vision.

Back 33

Cones

Front 34

The area of the eye with the sharpest vision, and the largest concentration of rods and cones is the ___ ___.

Back 34

Area centralis

Front 35

The external ear is divided into these three components:

Back 35

Pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane

Front 36

The three, tiny bones (the auditory ossicles) of the middle, ear that deamplify sound waves as to not cause damage to the inner ear:

Back 36

Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrups)

Front 37

The bone of the middle ear, the ___, is the only one that contacts the ear drum.

Back 37

Malleus

Front 38

Upper respiratory tract infections can affect an animal's sense of ___, which can cause them to stop eating/ drinking and exacerbate the illness.

Back 38

Sense of smell

Front 39

The abnormal accumulation of free blood between the cartilage and skin of the pinna, often caused by excessive head-shaking as a result of an ear infection. Can cause deformity of left untreated.

Back 39

Ear hematoma

Front 40

The ___ ___ is the opening in the skull, leading from the middle ear to the inner.

Back 40

Oval/vestibular window

Front 41

The tiny muscle attached to the malleus. This muscle adjust the tension of the ear drum to soften the transmission of loud noises.

Back 41

Tensor tympani

Front 42

The tube that travels to the nasopharynx, keeping air pressure inside the ear consistent with outside the body.

Back 42

Eustachian tube

Front 43

The hearing portionof the inner ear is contained in the temporal bone called the ___.

Back 43

Cochlea

Hint 43

Snail shape

Front 44

Within the cochlea is the ___, which contains the receptor hair cells that facilitate hearing.

Back 44

Organ of corti

Hint 44

Long fancy name

Front 45

The eye consists of these three layers:

Back 45

Cornea, uvea, retina

Front 46

The function of saltatory conduction is to speed/initiate signal transmission along a neuron.

Back 46

Speed signal along a neuron

Front 47

The function of synaptic vescicles is to

A. Contact the post synaptic membrane

B. Insulate the axon

C. Store neurotransmitters

Back 47

Store neurotransmitters

Front 48

A sensory nerve fiber would fit into which category:

A. Cranial nerves

B. Efferent nerves

C. Afferent nerves

Back 48

Afferent (sensory nerves conduct FROM receptor TO the CNS)

Front 49

The cell body of the neuron where the nucleus is located:

A. Dendrite

B. Perikaryon

C. Cyton

Back 49

Cyton

Front 50

Which of the following is NOT a general sense:

A. Touch

B. Vision

C. Visceral sensation

D. Proprioception

Back 50

Vision

Front 51

Which of the following are cranial nerves (more than one answer) :

A. Optic

B. Trochlear

C. Brachial plexus

D. Oculomotor

Back 51

A, b, and d

Front 52

The name for the gaps in the myelin sheath:

A. Saltatory gaps

B. Schwann cells

C. Nodes of ranvier

Back 52

Nodes of ranvier

Front 53

The water refluid that fills the aqueous compartment of the eye.

Back 53

Aqueous humor

Front 54

A portion of the middle vascular layer of the eye consisting mainly of pigment and blood vessels.

Back 54

Choroid (a component of the uvea)

Hint 54

A. Cornea

B. Uvea

C. Choroid

Front 55

The transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball.

Back 55

Conjunctiva

Hint 55

Consists of the components and is the site of a commonly treated inflammatory illness

Front 56

The lateral corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids come together.

Back 56

Canthus

Hint 56

A. Palpebra

B. Canthus

C. Conjunctiva

Front 57

The portion of the middle vascular layer of the eye located immediately behind the iris. It contains the muscles that adjust the shape of that lens.

Back 57

Ciliary body

Hint 57

The muscles the adjust the lens are ciliary muscles

Front 58

A condition in which in movements becoming jerky and exaggerated. Caused by damage or disease involving the cerebellum.

Back 58

Hypermetria

Hint 58

A. Hyperplasia

B. Hypermetria

C. Ataxia

Front 59

The set of connective tissue layers that surround the brain and the spinal cord. Consisting of 3 layers,These tissues supplies nutrients and oxygen.

Back 59

Meninges

Hint 59

Affected by meningitis