Ch 5 Gender And Sexuality

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Sex

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Term that refers to the biological distinction between being female and being male, usually categorized on the basis of the reproductive organs and genetic makeup

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Primary sex characteristics

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Characteristics that differentiate women and men, such as external genitalia (vulva and penis) , gonads (ovaries and testes), sex chromosomes (xx and XY), and hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone)

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Gender

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Social and psychological characteristics associated with being female or male

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Gender identity

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Psychological state of viewing oneself as a girl or a boy, and later as a woman or a man

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Gender dysphoria

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Condition in which one's gender identity does not match one's biological sex

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Transgendered

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Term that refers to individuals of one spy logical sex (female or male) who Express Behavior not typically assigned to their gender

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Transsexuals

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Persons with the biological/anatomical sex of one gender ( e.g., male) but the concept of the other (e.G. Female)

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Real life experience

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Living in the social role of the other sex for a year, prior to beginning hormonal or surgical therapy

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Transgenderist

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Individual who lives in a gender role that does not match his or her biological sex but who does not surgically alter his or her genitals (as does a transexual)

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Shemale

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Person who looks like a woman and has the breast of a woman from hormonal or surgical enlargement, yet has the genitalia and reproductive system of a man

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Transvestites

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Broad term for individuals who may dress or present themselves in the gender of the other sex a more pejorative term than crossdresser

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Purging

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Crossdresser Act of destroying the clothes of the other sex as an expression of trying to become free of the drive to cross-dress ....rarely has any long-term effect and the person returns to cross dressing

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Gender roles

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Social norms that dictate appropriate female and male Behavior

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Sex roles

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Roles filled by women or men that are defined by biological constraints and can be enacted only by members of One biological sex only... such as (wet nurse, sperm donor, child Bearer)

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Sexual identity

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Composite term that refers to factors including one's biological sex, gender identity, gender role, and sexual orientation

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Gender-role ideology

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Socially prescribed role relationships between women and men in any given Society

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Occupational sex segregation

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Tendency for women and men to pursue different occupations

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Chromosomes

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Thread-like structures of DNA within the cell nucleus that carry genes and transmit hereditary information. ( each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, a total of 46 chromosomes per cell.) Pg 122

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Pre-conceptual sex selection

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Soulection of the sex of a child before it is conceived to see also family balancing

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Family balancing

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Act of selecting the sex of a child before it is conceived for a balanced one boy, one girl family and involves separating sperm carrying the X and Y chromosomes

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Amniocentesis

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Prenatal test in which a needle is inserted (usually in the 16th or 17th week of pregnancy) into the pregnant woman's uterus to withdraw fluid that is analyzed to see if the cells carry XX female or XY male chromosomes and to identify chromosomal defects

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Prenatal sex selection

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Selection of whether to continue the pregnancy based on the sex of the fetus

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Klinefelter's syndrome

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Condition that occurs in males and results from the presence of extra X sex chromosome( xxy )resulting in abnormal testicular development, and fertility, low libido, and, in some cases, mental retardation

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Turner syndrome

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Condition that occurs in females resulting from the absence of an X chromosome (XO)

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Intersex development

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Congenital variations in the reproductive system, sometimes resulting in ambiguous genitals

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True hermaphroditism

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Rare condition in which individuals are born with both ovarian and testicular tissue( these individuals, called hermaphrodites, may have one ovary and one testicle, feminine breasts, and vaginal opening beneath the penis.)

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Pseudohermaphroditism

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Condition in which an individual is born with gonads matching the sex chromosomes, but genitals resembling those of the other sex

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Sociobiology

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Framework in which social behavior is viewed as having a biological basis in terms of being functional in human evolution

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Parental investment

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Any investment by a parent that increases the offspring's chance of surviving and thus increases reproductive success

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Oedipal complex

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Freud's term based on the legend of the Greek youth oidipus, who knowingly killed his father and married his mother; involves the young boys Awakening sexual feelings for his mother as he becomes aware he has a penis and his mother does not

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Electra complex

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In psychoanalysis, term that refers to a daughter's (unconscious) sexual desire for her father; refers to the Greek myth and which Electra and assists her brother and killing their mother and her lover to Avenge their father's death

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Androgyny

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Having traits stereotypically associated with both masculinity and femininity

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Gender-role Transcendence

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Abandonment of gender schema, or becoming "gender aschematic," so that personality traits, social and occupational roles, and other aspects of an individual's life become divorced from gender categories

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Gender post-modernism

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State in which there is a dissolution of male and female categories as currently conceptualized in Western capitalist country