Ch. 16 Evidence Of Evolution

Front 1

Change heritable characteristics of populations over successive generations. Gives rise to diversity

Back 1

Evolution

Hint 1

Change in a line of descent.

Front 2

Mechanism of evolution in which minor genetic changes occur in populations over generations and finally produce enough genetic variation to create a new species of an organism.

Back 2

Gradualism

Hint 2

Small biological changes over time.

Front 3

Evolutionary process by which new biological species arise.

Back 3

Speciation

Front 4

long periods of no or little change followed by sudden change.

Back 4

Punctuated Equilibrium

Front 5

Differential survival and reproduction of individuals of a population based on differences in shared, heritable traits. Driven by environmental pressures.

Back 5

Natural Selection

Front 6

Study of patterns in the geographic distribution of species and communities

Back 6

Biogeography

Front 7

The scientific study of similarities and differences in body plans.

Back 7

Comparitive Morphology

Front 8

Physical evidence of an organism that lived in the ancient past.

Back 8

Fossil

Front 9

A heritable trait that enhances an individual's fitness in a particular environment.

Back 9

Adaptation (adaptive trait)

Front 10

Change in a line of descent

Back 10

Evolution

Front 11

Degree of adaptation to an environment, as measured by an individual's relative genetic contribution to future generations.

Back 11

Fitness

Front 12

Line of descent

Back 12

Lineage

Front 13

Differential survival and reproduction of individuals of a population based on differences in shared, heritable traits. Driven by environmental pressures.

Back 13

Natural Selection

Front 14

Chracteristic time it takes for half of a quantity of a radioisotope to decay.

Back 14

Half-life

Front 15

Supercontinent that existed before Pangea, more than 500 million years ago.

Back 15

Gondwana

Front 16

Method of estimating the age of a rock or fossil by measuring the content and proportions of a radioisotope and it's daughter elements.

Back 16

Radiometric Dating

Front 17

Supercontinent that formed about 270 million years ago.

Back 17

Pangea

Front 18

Theory that earth's outer layer of rock is cracked into plates, the slow movement of which rafts continents to new locations over geologic time.

Back 18

Plate Tectonics Theory

Front 19

Chronology of earth's history. Correlates geological and evolutionary events of the ancient past.

Back 19

Geologic Time Scale

Front 20

Similar body structures that evolved separately in different lineages.

Back 20

Analogous Structures

Front 21

Body structures that are similar in different lineages because they evolved in a common ancestor.

Back 21

Homologous Structures

Hint 21

Different use, similar structure

Front 22

Evolutionary pattern in which similar body parts evolve separately in different lineages.

Back 22

Morphological Convergence

Front 23

Evolutionary pattern in which a body part of an ancestor changes in its descendants

Back 23

Morphological Divergence

Front 24

Differential success in survival and reproduction within a population

Back 24

Natural Selection

Front 25

Believed that species are fixed and do not evolve and that all forms of life are arranged on a scale of complexity.

Back 25

Aristotle

Front 26

Believed that earth's surface has changed by finding fossils of seashells on mountainsides. Proposed theory of catastrophism to explain extinction.

Back 26

George Cuvier

Hint 26

Flasely Believed the Earth to be thousands of years old.

Front 27

Advocated that life evolves and proposed that environmental pressures cause an internal need for change that occur through use and misuse of body parts.

Back 27

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Hint 27

Proposed acquired characteristics are inherited.

Front 28

Developed "gradualism"/"uniformity theory" which stated that the earth had changed slowly and what we see today is the result of gradual changes over millions of years.

Back 28

Charles Lyell

Hint 28

Wrote "The principles of Geology"

Front 29

An economist who proposed the idea of limited resources within a population. Human reproduction can exceed capacity of environment to sustain them.

Back 29

Thomas Malthus

Hint 29

Correlated decreases in the size of human populations with episodes of disease, famine and war.

Front 30

Unnatural selective pressure by breeding individuals with desirable traits over many generations.

Back 30

Artificial Selection

Hint 30

Example: humans breeding dogs from wolves, and selecting variations of parts of the wild mustard to create cabbages, kale, broccoli, etc.

Front 31

Developed his theory about evolution by natural selection independently from Darwin in 1858

Back 31

Alfred Russel Wallace

Front 32

Darwin's main idea that living species have descended from earlier life forms and that species change over time.

Back 32

Descent with Modification (Evolution)

Front 33

Mechanism by which evolution occurs.

Back 33

Natural selection

Hint 33