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171 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of the Skeleton |
-Provides support and shape -Protect many of the body's organs -Stores calcium and other minerals -Produces certain body cells within bone marrow |
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Functions of the Muscles |
-Create forces for body movements -Provides protective covering for internal organs -Produce body heat |
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Ligaments |
connect bone to bone |
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tendon |
connects bone to muscle
made of fibrous connective tissue |
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synovial fluid |
lubricates where bone meets bone |
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bursa |
closed sac at a joint cavity that lines that cavity
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appendage |
any body part attached to a main structure |
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articulation |
place where 2 or more bones come together |
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articulate |
joint |
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hematopoiesis |
production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow |
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adduction |
toward the body |
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abduction |
away from body |
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flexion |
bending at the joint |
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extension |
straightening |
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rotation |
circular movement |
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pronation |
turns the palm down (turning downward or backward) |
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supination |
turns the palm up (turning upward or forward) |
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inversion |
turning inward |
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eversion |
turning outward |
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dorsiflexion |
bending of the foot or toes upward |
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plantar flexion |
lowers the foot (points the toes) |
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ankyl/o |
stiffness; bent; crooked |
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arthr/o |
joint |
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kyph/o |
humpback |
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lamin/o |
lamina (part of vertebral arch) |
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myel/o |
bone marrow; spinal cord |
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orth/o |
straight |
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oste/o |
bone |
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ped/o |
foot; child |
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ped/i |
foot; child |
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thorac/o |
chest |
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brachi/o |
arm |
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cephal/o |
head |
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cost/o |
ribs |
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crani/o |
cranium (skull) |
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dactyl/o |
fingers; toes |
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lumb/o |
loins (lower back) |
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phalang/o |
phalanges (bones of fingers and toes) |
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pod/o |
foot |
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vertebr/o |
vertebrae |
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stern/o |
vertebrae (backbone) |
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muscul/o |
muscle |
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my/o |
muscle |
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fasci/o |
band, fascia |
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fascia |
fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles) |
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synov/o |
synovial membrane, synovial fluid |
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ten/o |
tendon |
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tend/o |
tendon |
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tendin/o |
tenden |
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asthenia |
weakness, debility |
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malacia |
softening |
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porosis |
porous |
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scopy |
visual examination |
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a |
without, not |
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dys |
bad; painful; difficult |
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sub |
under, below |
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supra |
above; excessive; superior |
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syn |
union, together, joined |
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claudication |
lameness, limping |
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contracture |
fibrosis of connecting tissue that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint |
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crepitation |
dry, grating sound or sensation (caused by bone ends rubbing together) |
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exacerbation |
flare - increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms |
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hemarthrosis |
effusion of blood into a joint cavity |
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hypotonia |
loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching |
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phantom limb |
perceived sensation, after removal of a limb that it is still there |
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prosthesis |
artificial limb or device |
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sprain |
tearing of a ligament tissue |
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subluxation |
partial or incomplete dislocation |
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reduction : open |
fractured bones are realigned using surgery |
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reduction : closed |
external manipulation of a fracture |
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casting |
stiff, solid dressing to immobilize injured area |
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splinting |
rigid device to immobilize injured area |
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traction |
pulling force to a fracture or dislocated joint. Maintain proper position for healing |
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amputation |
partial or complete removal of extremity |
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MRI |
magnetic resonance imaging |
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ROM |
range of motion |
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THA |
total hip arthroplasty |
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THR |
total hip replacement |
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TKR |
total knee replacement |
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TKA |
total knee arthroplasty |
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TKR |
total knee replacement |
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RA |
rheumatoid arthritis; right atrium |
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TX |
traction |
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arthrocentesis |
puncture of a joint space |
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laminectomy |
excision of the bursa |
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total hip replacement |
surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease (arthritis) |
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ORIF |
open reduction and internal fixation |
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NSAID |
non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (decrease pain and suppress inflamation) |
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Salicyclates |
relieves mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation |
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ASA |
acetylsalic acid (asprin) |
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AKA |
above knee amputation |
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BKA |
below knee amputation |
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DJD |
degenerative joint disease |
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Fx |
fracture |
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HD |
hemodialysis, hipdisarticul action, hearing distance |
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IM |
intravenous |
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IV |
intravenous |
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LS |
lumbosacral spine |
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how many bones in body |
206 |
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zygoma |
cheek bone |
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fibula |
non weight baring bone of leg |
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fiscia |
holds fibers of tendons together |
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where are blood cells created |
erythropoiesis occurs in bone marrow |
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smooth muscle |
located on organs |
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cardiac muscle |
muscle of heart |
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contractility |
to contract, draw up |
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contraction |
involuntary freezing or rigid up of muscles over time |
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relaxation |
extensibility of muscle |
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electrolytes |
in muscle to excite muscle to make it contract and relax |
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# of cervical vertebrae |
7 |
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# of thoracic vertebrae |
12 |
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# of lumbar vertebrae |
5 |
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# of sacral vertebrae |
5 |
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coccyx |
tail bone, 4 bones |
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types of bones |
short flat long irregular |
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disk |
pad between vertebrae |
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transverse plane |
separates side from side |
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coronal plane |
separates front from back |
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saggital plane |
separates up from down (superior and inferior) |
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different types of traction |
-bucks -skeletal -chinese/finger |
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traction |
holds alignment of broken bones together |
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bucks traction |
boot with weights and pulleys |
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skeletal traction |
pin through distal femur |
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chinese/finger traction |
wire netting traps to maintain fracture usually hanging onto something |
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leukopoiesis |
white blood cells |
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periosteum |
dense, white, fibrous membrane covers the remaining surface of the bone |
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osteoblasts |
the inner layer of bone forming cells |
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muscle (definition) |
tissue composed of fibers that can contract causing movement or an organ or body part |
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range of motion (ROM) |
total motion possible in a joint |
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analgesic |
relieves pain |
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narcotic |
potent analgesic, addictive properties |
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anit-inflammatory |
reduces inflammation |
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antipyretic |
relieves fever |
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non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) |
drugs with analgesic anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties |
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origin |
end of the muscle that is attached to bone that does not move when the muscle contracts |
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belly |
body of muscle |
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insertion |
end of the muscle attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts |
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anterior |
front |
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posterior |
back |
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superior |
toward the head |
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inferior |
toward the feet |
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proximal |
closest to a part |
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distal |
furthest away |
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lateral |
side |
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erect |
in standing position |
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decubitus |
lying down |
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prone |
lying face down |
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recumbent |
lying down |
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supine |
lying face up |
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osteomyelitis |
infections of bone and bone marrow |
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closed (simple) fracture |
bone is broken but no external wound exists |
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open (compound) fracture |
bone is broken and there is an external wound |
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complicated fracture |
bone is broken and has injured an internal organ |
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comminuted fracture |
bone has broken and splintered into many pieces |
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impacted fractures |
bone is broken and one section is wedged into the interior of another bone |
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incomplete fracture |
break in the bone does not travel across the entire bone |
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greenstick fracture |
bone is broken on one side only and the other side of the bone is only bent |
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colles fracture |
break at the lower (distal) end of the radius occuring at the wrist |
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hairline fracture |
minor fracture where a small break has occurred but all parts of the bone are in alignment |
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pathological fracture |
spontaneous fractures are caused by a disease process such as cancer or osteoporosis |
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arthritis |
inflammation with pain, stiffness, edema |
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rheumatoid (RA) |
systemic disease, inflammatory changes in joints = crippling deformities |
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gout |
metabolic disease with uric acid building up and crystallizing at the joints |
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muscular dystrophy |
-atrophy and weakening of muscle tissue -duchenne dystrophy most common type -loss of muscle tissue affect skeletal and cardiac |
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myasthenia gravis (MG) |
-neuromuscular disorder -fluctuating weakness (eyes, face, limbs) -the receptors are destroyed in the synaptic regions where nerve impulses are transmitted = neurotransmitters/transmission impeded |
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oncology |
primary sites or metastasize sites (secondary) |
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fibrosarcoma |
develops in cartilage and generally affects the pelvis, upper legs, and shoulderso |
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steosarcoma |
develops from bone tissue and affects the knees, upper arms, and upper legs |
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ewing sarcoma |
develops from primitive nerve cells in the bone marrow (shaft of long bones), pelvis, arms, or legs |
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osteoarthritis |
inflammation of bone and joint |
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osteoplasty |
repair of bone |
