Ch 10 Med Term Nervous System

Front 1

Acetylcholine

Back 1

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells

Front 2

Afferent cells

Back 2

carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerve).

Front 3

Autonomic nervous system

Back 3

Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs

Front 4

Axon

Back 4

Mircoscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell.

Front 5

Brainstem

Back 5

Posterior portions of the brian that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the pons and medulla oblongata

Front 6

Cauda equine

Back 6

collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

Front 7

Central Nervous System

Back 7

The brian and spinal cord

Front 8

Cerebellum

Back 8

Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance

Front 9

Cerebral Cortex

Back 9

outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain

Front 10

Cerebrospinal fluid CSF

Back 10

circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord

Front 11

cerebrum

Back 11

Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory

Front 12

Cranial nerves

Back 12

twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck

Front 13

Dendrite

Back 13

Microscopic branching fibers of a nerve cell that is the first part to recieve the nervous impulses

Front 14

Efferent nerves

Back 14

carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve

Front 15

Hypothalamus

Back 15

Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland

Front 16

Medulla oblongata

Back 16

part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here

Front 17

meninges

Back 17

three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

Front 18

-plegia

Back 18

paralysis (loss or imparment of the ability to move parts of the body)

Front 19

-praxia

Back 19

action

Front 20

-lepsy

Back 20

seizure

Front 21

-paresis

Back 21

weakness

Front 22

-phasia

Back 22

speech

Front 23

neur/o

Back 23

nerve

Front 24

myel/o

Back 24

spinal cord

Front 25

cerebr/o

Back 25

cerebrum

Front 26

motor nerves

Back 26

carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve

Front 27

myelin sheath

Back 27

covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons

Front 28

nerve

Back 28

macroscopic cord like collection of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impuslses

Front 29

neurotransmitter

Back 29

chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell. It stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell

Front 30

Parasympathetic nerves

Back 30

involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract

Front 31

peripheral nervous system

Back 31

nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves

Front 32

receptor

Back 32

organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves. The skin, ears, eyes and taste buds are receptors

Front 33

sciatic nerve

Back 33

nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot. Sciatica is pain or inflammation along the course of the nerve.

Front 34

Sympathetic nerves

Back 34

autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress

Front 35

thalamus

Back 35

main relay center of the brain. conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum; incoming sensory messages are relayed through the thalamus to appropriate centers in the cerebrum

Front 36

vagus nerve

Back 36

tenth cranial nerve (cranial nerve 5) its branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus and stomach. Unlike other cranial nerves, the vagus leaves the head and wonders into the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Front 37

ventricles of the brain

Back 37

canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid. ventricles are also found in the heart. They are the two lower chambers of the heart

Front 38

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Back 38

degenerative disorder of motor neurons int the spinal cord and brainstem.

Front 39

lumbar punture

Back 39

CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for anaysis

Front 40

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Back 40

Recording of the electrial activity of the brain

Front 41

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Back 41

Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue.

Front 42

Shingles

Back 42

viral infection affecting peripheral nerves

Front 43

Hemorrhagic

Back 43

a blood vessel, such as the cerebral artery, breaks and bleeding occurs

Front 44

myasthenia gravis (MG)

Back 44

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

Front 45

Hydrocephalus

Back 45

Abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain

Front 46

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Back 46

Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke

Front 47

Cerebral Angiography

Back 47

X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material

Front 48

Parkinson Disease

Back 48

degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement

Front 49

Tourette Syndrome

Back 49

Involuntary spasmodic twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal