Ch. 1-2 Chemistry-The Composition Of Matter

Front 1

What is analysis?

Back 1

Taking things apart, or determining what makes up matter.

Front 2

What is matter?

Back 2

Matter occupies space and has mass; it is the stuff of the world around us. In daily life, we preceive matter either as objects or as materials depending on our purposes. Materials endure, while objects come and go. For example, chopping a chair (an object) into splinters destroys the chair, but the wood (a material) remains.

Front 3

What is meant by states of matter?

Back 3

Almost all matter exists in one of three physical states: solid, liquid,or gas.

Front 4

Explain what are solids?

Back 4

Solids have a rigid shape and a fixed volume.

Front 5

Explain what are liquids?

Back 5

Liquids have a fixed volume but adopt the shape of their container. Heating solids to their melting temperature converts them to a liquid with little change in the volume.

Front 6

Explain what are gases?

Back 6

Gases have no fixed volume and fill the containers in which they are placed. Heating liquids to their boiling temperature converts them to gas with a large increase in the volume occupied.

Front 7

What is the focus of chemical analysis?

Back 7

Chemical analysis focuses on material (the wood), not the object ( the wooden chair).

Front 8

What are physical properties?

Back 8

color, odor, taste, hardness (the state or quality of being hard), melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity( the property or power of conducting heat, electricity, or sound), magnetism(the properties of attraction possessed by magnets), density(mass per unit volume) . Physical properties are properties that can be defined and discussed without reference to any other material.

Front 9

What is total synthesis preparation?

Back 9

The synthesis of a chemical compound in the laboratory starting , in effect, with the constituent elements.

Front 10

What is biosynthesis?

Back 10

The use of living organisms to assist in or to accomplish the synthesis of a chemical substance.

Front 11

What is chemical properties?

Back 11

The properties of a material that involve behavior with respect to other substances.

Front 12

What is meant by heterogeneous?

Back 12

Having properties that vary from region to region. For example, If the properties of a material, like those of wood ( ie. some portions are darker than others, or harder and resist indentation), change from one point to another within a sample, then the material is heterogeneous.

Front 13

What is meant by a phase (of matter)?

Back 13

1) smaller regions of uniform properties separated by boundaries across which properties change sharply. 2)A sample of matter that is uniform throughout, both in its chemical constitution and in its physical state (solid, liquid, gas).

Front 14

what is meant by homogeneous?

Back 14

If all properties remain uniform from place to place throughout a sample.

Front 15

What is a homogeneous mixture or solution?

Back 15

1) a mixture that is uniform to the level of individual atoms and molecules.2) a homogeneous system that contains two or more substances. 3)Even if a material consists of a single phase, it may be possible to separate it into two or differing components by ordinary physical means. For example, air is an homogeneous mixture of several gases ( including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide).

Front 16

What is a chemical substance (or simply a substance)?

Back 16

A material that cannot be separated by physical means into two or more materials with different properties.

Front 17

What does "pure" mean to a chemist?

Back 17

containing a single substance.

Front 18

What elements are among the most nearly pure materials ever made?

Back 18

silicon and germanium

Front 19

What are elements?

Back 19

Elements are substances that cannot be decomposed into two or more simpler substances by ordinary physical or chemical means. Here "ordinary" is important because it excludes the processes of radioactive decay (either natural or artificial) and of high energy nuclear reactions that do transform one elementary substance into another.

Front 20

What is a compound?

Back 20

Are chemical substances that contain two or more chemical elements combined in fixed proportions. Example, hydrogen and oxygen are elements because no further chemical separation has been found possible, however water is a compound because it can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen by passing an electric current through it.

Front 21

What is binary, ternary([tur-nuh-ree] ), and quaternary( [kwot-er-ner-ee, kwuh-tur-nuh-ree] ) compounds?

Back 21

binary = contains two elements
ternary = contains three elements
quaternary = contains four elements

Front 22

How many chemical elements are known?

Back 22

113

Front 23

What elements occur in nature in elemental form rather than in combination with one another in compounds?

Back 23

gold, silver, lead, copper, sulfur are the chiefs one among this group.