Cds 110 Pharmacology Ch 7

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Blood Alcohol Concentration Formula

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0.02 times the # of drinks MINUS

0.015 times the total # of hours drinking

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breathing inhalant directly from container

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sniffing

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type of anesthetic

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ether

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aka inhalants

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deliriants

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volatilenitites do this

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vasodilator

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this can be caused by high doses of volatile solvents

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coma

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type of poisoning from volatile nitrites

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cyanide poisoning

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common effect in the ears from anesthetics

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buzzing

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nitrous oxide has this property

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anesthetic

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caused by high doses of volatile solvents

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delusions

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long-term exposure to this type of drug can cause brain cell damage

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anesthetics

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volatile solvent

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hairspray

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volatile nitrite

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rush

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volatile nitrites are medically used to treat this

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angina

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inhalants also known as _____________

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volative substance that give off gasses or aerosol spray, or liquids that give off fumes

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3 main groups of inhalants are :

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Volatile solvents ,

Volatile nitrites ,

Anesthetics,

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Anesthetics are:

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The most popular anesthetic is nitrous oxide (N2O), also known as “laughing gas.”

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Two types of volatile nitrites:

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include amyl and butyl nitrite; they are also used recreationally

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Volatile solvents (and aerosols) are:

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hydrocarbons found in glues, gasoline, paint thinners, etc. Some aerosols are sprayed to produce a foggy mist and are inhaled for their gaseous propellants. Other volatile organic compounds are esters, ketones, alcohols, and glycols.

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routes of inhalants are:

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oral and nose

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amyl and butyl nitrite

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used as blood vessel dilators for cardiac problems. Amyl - previously in room fresheners

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Names for volatile nitrites:

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Rush Bolt, Anesthetics, Nitrous oxide N20 aka laughing gas, Blue Nun (another name for nitrous oxide), whipped cream (Uses N20 to make whipped cream spray out), Locker room, room deodorizers, Quicksilver, Bolt, Bullet (poppers)

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breathing in the inhalant through the nose, directly from a container

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“Sniffing”

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placing a solvent-soaked rag over, or in, one’s mouth or nose and inhaling.

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“Huffing”

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placing the inhalant in a plastic bag and inhaling by mouth/nose - rebreathing intensifies effects

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“Bagging”

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the inhalant directly into the nose or mouth.

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“Spraying”

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inhaling from a balloon filled with nitrous oxide or another gas. “Crackers” refer to the pins or other “cracking” devices used to puncture the gas canisters.

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“Balloons and crackers”

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Directly breathing pressurized inhalants into the mouth or nose exposes fragile membranes to the caustic effects of these substances. There is also a danger of _____________

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__________________ freezing lung tissue due to the amount of pressure.

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Inhalants, sometimes classified as deliriants used for_________

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____________their stupefying, intoxicating, and occasionally psychedelic effects. There are three main groups of inhalants.

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Are inhalants quick or long acting?

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Quick acting

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(volatile nitrites) inhalants __________________ to blood vessels, so the heart and the brain (as well as other tissues) receive more blood.

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dilate

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volatile nitrites effects begin

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__________within 7 to 10 seconds and last for 30 to 60 seconds. (absorbed thru lungs - bloodstream - brain)

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volatile nitrites Inhalation creates a feeling of:

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fullness in the head, a rush, mild euphoria, dizziness, and giddiness.

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volatile nitrites can cause

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NS depression, disorientation, learning disabilities, nerve damage, lack of coordination, hypoxia (lack of oxygen), unconsciousness-death

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volatile solvent abuse described:

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The most abused solvent is also the most common – toluene. It is found in: glues, drying agents, solvents, thinners, paints, inks, and cleaning agents. Several studies indicate that toluene has an extremely high abuse potential. Chronic abuse can affect balance, hearing, and eyesight and most often, cause problems with neurological functions and cognitive abilities. In one study 65% of chronic abusers of the toluene in spray paint had neurological damage

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The most abused solvent :

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toluene

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volatile solvents inhalation produces:

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a temporary stimulation, an elevated mood, and reduced inhibitions. Impulsiveness, excitement, and irritability also occur. Soon the depressive effects begin including dizziness, slurred speech, unsteady gait, and drowsiness. High dose use can induce illusions, hallucinations, delusions, and a dreamy stupor that resembles alcohol intoxication.

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volatile solvents inhalation lasts how long?

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The intoxicated state may last minutes to an hour or more.

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With higher doses of solvents, you get.........

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illusions, impaired thinking, hallucinations, delusions, dreamy stupor, coma

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solvent chronic abuse symptoms:

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lack or coordination, inability to concentrate, weakness, disorientation, weakness, disorientation, weight loss, memory problems

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After prolonged solvent inhalation you may have ____________________

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delirium with confusion, psychomotor clumsiness, emotional instability, impaired thinking, and coma have been reported. • Heart and vascular problems. Arrhythmias and myocarditis are common with volatile solvents and can induce cardiac arrest. • Lung problems. Solvents can cause pulmonary hypertension, respiratory distress, and lowered breathing capacity. • Liver problems. Chronic exposure will cause some liver toxicity, which is usually reversible. • Neonatal problems. Toluene can cause growth retardation, some odd facial features, and tremors.

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Warning Signs of Solvent Abuse :

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Though abuse can be difficult to spot, there are various warning signs: headaches, chemical body odor, red, glassy or watery eyes, inflamed nose, nosebleeds, rashes, slurred speech, staggering gait, disorientation, etc.

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Volatile nitrites medical use

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chest pain (angina), cyanide poisoning, blood vessel dilators,

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Volatile nitrite treatment consists of __________

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abstinence, CPR

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Anesthetics aka

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Nitrous oxide (laughing gas), whipped cream propellant (whippets), "Blue Nun," Chloroform, Ether

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Anesthetics side effects

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giddiness, stimulation, silly laughter, buzzing/ringing in the ears, feeling of passing out/collapsing

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Effects of anesthetics are felt within __________ and last for ____________

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8-10 seconds, 2-3 minutes

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anesthetic longterm exposure causes

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central and peripheral nerve cell & brain damage due to decreased oxygen to tissues

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anesthetic symptoms longterm:

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numbness, loss of balance, loss of dexterity, weakness/numbness in arms/legs, passing out

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other methods of inhaling :

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1) putting bag over head

2) pouring/spraying inhalants into cuffs, sleeves & sniffing some - heat solvents-dangerous explosions