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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Another name for frequency?
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Hertz
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Red wavelength spectrum?
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600-700nm
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Green wavelength spectrum
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500-600nm
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Blue wavelength spectrum
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400-500nm
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How to measure a wavelength? |
The distance between corresponding parts of two consecutive waves
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What determines the color of light from the transmission source?
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A wavelength
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What is the common term for the line the represents the radius of the wave radiating from the point source?
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A ray of light
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Waves that pass a fixed point in a given unit of time is called __________.
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Frequency |
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The three primary colors are ____, ____, & _____. |
Red, Blue and Green |
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What is the infrared portion of the spectrum
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1.) It is a portion of the spectrum invisible to the human eye 2.) It ranges from 700-1500nm |
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What is the speed of light in a vacuum?
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What happens when light strikes a polished surface?
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It reflects in a specular manner |
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What can light be transmitted through?
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What can light NOT be transmitted through?
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Opaque mediums
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When light strikes a medium at a right angle (90degrees) what is it considered? |
A normal ray of light
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When light vibrates in only one plane what is it called?
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What 3 things must be true for and object to be seen as a distinguishable color?
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2.) The color must have the ability to reflect that colors wavelengths 3.) The object must absorb other wavelengths |
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Standard unit for measuring color temperature
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Kelvin |
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What is Soft light?
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What is Hard light?
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Light that creates harsh shadows; |
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What is the optical center of a lens?
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A point within the lens at which the rays of light from two sources entering the lens are assumed to cross
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How is focal length expressed?
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What are the two factors that determine the speed of a lens? |
Focal length & the diameter of the aperture opening
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What are all the f/stops on a 35mm camera? |
1; 1.4; 2; 2.8; 4; 5.6; 8; 11; 16; 22; 32; 45; 64 |
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When you close down one stop what does it do to the light hitting the image sensor?
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It halves the amount of light hitting the image sensor |
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When you open up one stop what does it do to the light hitting the image sensor
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It doubles the amount of light hitting the image sensor |
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What is the only method for determining the f/stop when the camera is on automatic or program mode?
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What is Hyper Focal distance?
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The distance from the lens' optical center to the nearest point in acceptably sharp focus when the camera is focused on infinity
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What happens when you switch to a lens with a shorter focal length and a smaller aperature?
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The hyper focal distance becomes shorter
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What is depth of field?
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What is resolving power?
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It is the ability of the camera to record or resolve fine detail |
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The combination of what two things create resolving power?
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Lens speed and the image sensor |
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On a 35mm camera where can you find the depth of field scale?
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On the barrel of the lens or the camera body |
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Why is photographic definition subjective?
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therefore the concept depends on each individual observer and the situation they are in |
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What 4 factors determine the photographic definition of a print?
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Resolution, Sharpness, Pixilation, and Tonal Reproduction
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What 4 factors control the depth of field for a lens
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Focal length, f/stop, size of the circles of confusion, and subject distance
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What does lens distortion do to the image?
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It causes the lines to appear curved or bent |
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Why do colors fringe around image points? |
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What causes Chromatic aberration?
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It is caused by the lens' inability to bring all the colors of the visible spectrum to the same plane of focus |
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If horizontal lines are in focus but vertical lines are not, it is a sign of what problem in your lens
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What is a coma caused by?
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The inability of a lens to bring oblique rays of light to a common point with equal magnification and brightness |
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Why do some lens manufacturers incorporate spherical aberration into a portrait lens?
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(making people look a little better) |
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What is Curvilinear distortion?
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A distortion of straight lines due to the lens
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What two effects can be caused by curvilinear distortion?
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1.) An outward convex/ barrel effect 2.) An inward convex/ concave effect |
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What are the two types of flare?
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Optical and Mechanical |
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Which type of flare is caused by a small reflective scratch on a lens shade?
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Mechanical |
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Which type of flare is generally present in most lenses with more than one element? |
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Why are lenses coated with transparent colored material?
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To minimize internal reflections and thereby reduce optical flare until it is virtually nonexistent |
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What is the approximate lens coverage for a normal lens?
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45 degrees/ near the angle a human eye views things |
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What focal length is considered to be normal for a 35mm camera?
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What are two advantages of using a wide angle lens?
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2. Wider subject area than a normal focal length lens at a given lens to subject distance |
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What is the biggest disadvantage of using a wide angle lens? |
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What is a basic design element of all telephoto lenses?
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The all include a positive element in front of and separated from a negative rear element |
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How does compression apply to a telephoto lens?
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Distant objects appear larger than normal perspective and enhances objects such as the sun and moon (Think pirate telescope) |
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There are 3 disadvantages of using a zoom lens, what are they?
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2. Loss of lens speed 3. With more elements within the lens you have a higher rick of facing problems such as diffraction and refraction |
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What is the macro lens designed for?
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Tiny objects; distances at scales larger than life 1:1
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What are two disadvantages of using a macro lens?
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Short depth of field; Reduction of light striking the object |
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What are the two types of fish eye lenses? |
180 Full frame or 360 circular frame |
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How would you know the proper procedures to follow if a camera is subjected to hazardous conditions?
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Ask maintenance |
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How should you use canned air to clean glass surfaces?
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Hold the can 8-10" from the surface and apply in short bursts |
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Explain shotgun shooting
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Shooting every angle and every f/stop// hoping for one good photo |
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Why does daylight shift toward the red portion of the spectrum at sunrise and sunset?
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What is white balance?
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Why is a bright sunny day not always the best time of day for photography?
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The sun casts harsh dark shadows and bright highlights |
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What is the ideal lighting ratio for a digital camera?
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What is the best lighting for a group photo?
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What is the best lighting for a raised or textured surface? |
Sidelighting
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What is the best lighting for producing silhouettes?
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Backlighting |
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Gas flames at a high kelvin temperature appear what color?`
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Blue and green with tips appearing yellow
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When a flame gets hotter what happens to the Kelvin temperature?
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It raises to a higher Kelvin number
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Why should you never touch a new quartz halogen bulb with your bare fingers
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Your fingerprints can etch into the bulb and cause it to shatter |
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What determines the color produced by a fluorescent tube light?
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The color of phosphor coating
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What is the Kelvin rating of the photoflood No.1?
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3200 Kelvin |
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What computations are usually involved with exposure control of manual electronic flash units?
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Guide numbers, f/stops, and distance
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Why are flash units good at saving battery power?
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The capacitor is usually only partially discharged each time it fires
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There are 3 factors you must consider when using a flash indoors, what are they?
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The color of your subject The size of the room |
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What is one of the first precautions when using an automatic flash unit?
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What is the major advantage of using a dedicated flash? |
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What is the max focal length for a lens used with most wide-angle flash adapters?
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What is the type of rating given for the measurement of the light output of flash units? |
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What is WATT seconds?
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What is a major advantage in choosing bounce flash over direct flash?
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If your sync cord for the flash is defective what other method of flash photography can you use?
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What is open flash?
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Leaving the shutter open while you make one or more flash exposures |
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Leaving the shutter open long enough to fire flashes from different locations in order to light evenly is called _____ with _______.
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Painting ; light |
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The key element in multiple image flash photography is _______________?
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A fast recycling of thryistor type electronic flash unit or stroboscope |
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Under outdoor lighting conditions where should you hold the flash to simulate sunlight?
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What determines the flash output level in matrix fill flash? |
The microcomputer automatically chooses the flash output level determined by the combination of brightness and degree of contrast |
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In the equation E= I x T, what do I and T represent?
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Intensity & time |
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What speed rating is twice as slow as ISO 400
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What are some of the most common range of shutter speeds for a camera?
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What does the number 4 represent on the shutter speed dial?
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1/4th of a second
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Moving the shutter from 1/60th to 1/250th changes the exposure by how many f/stops?
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