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248 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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There are many factors but no one __________ cause otherwise we would be able to control labor.
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definitive
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Causes of Labor
Changes in maternal ratio's of _________ / _________. |
Estrogen / Progesterone
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Causes of Labor
Stretching, irritation and __________ on uterus. |
pressure
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Causes of Labor
Natural ________ stimulation. |
oxytocin
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Causes of Labor
_________ aging. |
Placental
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Causes of Labor
Over ________. |
distention
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Causes of Labor
___________ releasing hormone. |
Corticotrophins
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__________ Signs of Labor
"Lightening" or descent of fetal head into pelvis Sciatic nerve pressure Increased vaginal discharge Greater frequency of urination |
Premonitory
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______ Labor
No change in cervix Disconfort, usually in low abdomen and groin Contractions occur at irregular intervals No increase in frequency and intensity of contractions |
False
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________ Labor
Progressive cervical dilation Discomfort in back and abdomen Contractions occur at regular intervals Progressive increase in frequency and intensity of contractions |
True
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Signs of _____ labor
Cervical ripening Bloody show SROM Sudden burst of energy Lightening Increase in braxton hicks contractions |
early
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What are the four P's that are the FORCES OF LABOR?
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Four P's
Powers Passage Passenger Position |
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__________ Signs of Labor
"Lightening" or descent of fetal head into pelvis Sciatic nerve pressure Increased vaginal discharge Greater frequency of urination |
Premonitory
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______ Labor
No change in cervix Disconfort, usually in low abdomen and groin Contractions occur at irregular intervals No increase in frequency and intensity of contractions |
False
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________ Labor
Progressive cervical dilation Discomfort in back and abdomen Contractions occur at regular intervals Progressive increase in frequency and intensity of contractions |
True
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Signs of _____ labor
Cervical ripening Bloody show SROM Sudden burst of energy Lightening Increase in braxton hicks contractions |
early
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What are the four P's that are the FORCES OF LABOR?
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Four P's
Powers Passage Passenger Position |
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In the FORCES OF LABOR, what does Powers refer to?
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Powers refers to uterine contractions.
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Powers
During a uterine contraction, the muscle shortens then returns to normal while ultimately the shortening remains ________. |
fixed
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Powers
Uterine contractions cause _______ and _______. |
dilation, effacement
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Powers
Uterine contractions begin in the _______ and spread downward. |
fundus
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Powers
Contracions are in_________. |
involuntary
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Powers
Contractions are __________ intermittent allowing for uterine nourishment. |
intermittent
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Powers
The upper two-thirds of the uterus contracts ________. |
actively
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Powers
The lower third and the cervix are ________. |
passive
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Powers
During labor, the upper segment of the uterus becomes _______. |
thicker
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Powers
The lower segment and the cervix become _________ and pulled upward. |
thinner
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Powers
The physiologic retraction _______ is the division between the upper and lower segments. |
ring
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Powers
________ pwer refers to the duration, intensity and frequency refers to the bearing down efforts. |
Secondary
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Process of Labor
Cervical dilation is from closed to ____cm. |
10
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Process of Labor
Cervical effacement is from thick to paper ________, 0-100%. |
thin
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Stages of Labor
Onset of u/c to full dilation is the ________ stage. |
first
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Stages of Labor
A dilation of 0-3cm, length variable, is known as? |
Latent
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Stages of Labor
A dilation of 4-7cm, 100% effaced, is known as? |
Active
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Stages of Labor
A dilation of 8-10cm is known as? |
Transition
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Stages of Labor
Full dilation to the birth of the baby is the _______ stage of labor. |
second
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Stages of Labor
Birth of baby to delivery of the placenta is the _______ stage of labor. |
third
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Stages of Labor
Repair/Recovery Period, which is the first 1 to 2 post partum hours, is the _______ stage of labor. |
fourth
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Powers
"P" Passage way includes _______ and soft tissues. |
Pelvis
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"P" Passage way
Maternal hormones _______, later in pregnancy, soften the cartilage. |
Relaxin
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"P" Passage Way
Anterior/Posterior diameter measures the ______. |
inlet
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"P" Passage Way
Transverse diameter measures the _______. |
outlet
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"P" Passage Way
Pelvis _________ - 50% of women, normal, round, and optimal for delivery. |
Gynecoid
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"P" Passage Way
Pelvis _________ - 25% long and oval. |
Anthropoid
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"P" Passage Way
Pelvis _______ - 20% male like. |
Android
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"P" Passage Way
Pelvis ________ - 5% flat and rare. |
Platypelloid
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
_____ ______ - fetal spine in relationship to maternal spine. Longitudinal, or parallel, Transvers or Oblique. |
Fetal Lie
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
______ - relationship of the fetal head to limbs and trunk. Flexion or Extension. |
Attitude
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
_________ - the part that enters the pelvis. |
Presentation
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
__% are cephalic, (head) also vertex. |
95
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
______ or Military - no flexion. |
Sinciput
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
Brow - _______ - some extension of the forehead. |
Frontum
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
Face - _______ - hyper-extension of the chin. |
Mentum
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
What percentage are Breech? |
3%
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
_____ - hips flexed, knees extended. |
Frank
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
______ - hips and knees flexed. |
Complete
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
_______ - one or both legs extended. |
Footling
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
LOA and ROA and OA the most common and _______ for delivery. |
favorable
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
______ - fetal presenting part in relation to ichial spines. |
Station
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
In relation to "Station", minus (-) means ______. |
above
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
In relation to "Station", plus (+) means _______. |
below
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
Brow - _______ - some extension of the forehead. |
Frontum
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
Face - _______ - hyper-extension of the chin. |
Mentum
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
What percentage are Breech? |
3%
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
Types of Breech _____ - hips flexed, knees extended. |
Frank
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
Types of Breech ______ - hips and knees flexed. |
Complete or Full
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
Types of Breech ______ - one or both legs extended. |
Footling
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
ROA stands for? |
Right Occipitoanterior
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
LOA stands for? |
Left Occipitoanterior
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
OA stands for? |
Occipitoanterior
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
LOT stands for? |
Left Occipitotransverse
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
ROT stands for? |
Right Occipitotransverse
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
ROP stands for? |
Right Occipitioposterior
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"P" Passenger - Fetus
LOP stands for? |
Left Occipitoposterior
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"P" Position
refers to _______ Position. |
maternal
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"P" Position
______ - upright, squatting, sitting, all aid in descent. |
Gravity
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"P" Position
_____ or _____ - Vena cava syndrome, is anti gravity. |
Dorsal or Supine
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"P" Position
_______ _______ ______ - or side, aids in descent and rotation but may slow expulsion. |
Left Lateral tilt
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"P" Position
________ - aids in rotation of OP. |
Kneeling
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Maternal Response to Labor
Cardiovascular System Increased CO due to the work of labor may cause ________. Pushing > CO |
tachycardia
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Maternal Response to Labor
Cardiovascular System Assess _/_ between u/c. |
v/s
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Maternal Response to Labor
Cardiovascular System Changes occur in CO relaated to blood loss and decreasing presure on ______ _______. |
Vena Cava
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Maternal Response to Labor
Hemopoietic System Increased WBC (Leukocytosis) related to stress of labor, expect ______ - ________. |
25,000 - 30,000
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Maternal Response to Labor
GI System Gastric motility _______, nausea and vomiting _______, _______ a possible sign of labor. Eating is usually restricted due to above. |
decreases, possible, diarrhea
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Maternal Response to Labor
Urinary System PO intake ________. |
decreased
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Maternal Response to Labor
Urinary System Reduced _______ to void, encourage every two hour _______ of bladder. |
sensation, emptying
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Maternal Response to Labor
Urinary System Full ______ may increase discomfort and keep fetal head from ________ into the pelvis. SpGv and Protein may increase. |
bladder, descending
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Maternal Response to Labor
Fluid Balance _____ status. |
NPO
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Maternal Response to Labor
Fluid Balance Monitor ____ ______. |
IV Fluid
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Maternal Response to Labor
Fluid Balance Increased ________ losses. |
insensible
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Fetal Responses to Labor
_______ - u/c exert pressure on the fetal head and the increased ICP leads to decreases in FHR as in early decelerations. |
Neurological
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Fetal Responses to Labor
________ - pressure is often reflected in minimal petechiae or ecchymosis or edema or presenting part. |
Integumentary
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Fetal Responses to Labor
_________ - during a u/c, the arteries are sharply constricted and the filling of the cotyledon almost halts. Nutrients and oxygen exchange is reduced, causing slight hypoxia. |
Cardiovascular
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Fetal Responses to Labor
Respiratory System The process of labor appears to aid in the maturation of the ________ production by alveoli in the lung. Pressure applied to the chest during vaginal delivery helps _____ the lung of its fluid. |
surfactant, clear
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Maternal Psyche
_______ Responses Coping ______ the labor Prepared ________. |
Cultural, through, Childbirth
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Maternal Assessment
First Stage ______ - admission current history. |
Latent
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Maternal Assessment
______ Stage Prenatal history, obtain record EDC/Sono/GPTAL Allergies, curent meds, drugs, alcohol and tobacco, past medical history, surgeries, hospitalizations and chronic illness Problems in this pregnancy |
First
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Maternal Assessment
______ Stage Consents, IV, blood draw, prep and enema Lab history CBC, RH, Rubella, Hepatitis, Serology, urine Glucose testing, HIV, AFP, CVS or Aminocentesis Biophysical profile, NST Vital signs, assessment of u/c and FH Membranes Monitor for 20 minutes Vaginal exam Physical exam |
First
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Preparation for Childbirth
________ Support Systems Culture Coping mechanisms Classes attended Usually excited at this time |
Plans
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Preparation for Childbirth
Plans _____ ______ Culture Coping mechanisms Classes attended Usually excited at this time |
Support Systems
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Preparation for Childbirth
Plans Support Systems ________ Coping mechanisms Classes attended Usually excited at this time |
Culture
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Preparation for Childbirth
Plans Support Systems Culture _______ ________ Classes attended Usually excited at this time |
Coping mechanisms
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Preparation for Childbirth
Plans Support Systems Culture Coping mechanisms _______ ________ Usually excited at this time |
Classes attended
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Preparation for Childbirth
Plans Support Systems Culture Coping mechanisms Classes attended Usually _______ at this time |
excited
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_______ Stage
Evaluate q 15 min Contration pattern, q2-5 min lasting 45-60sec., moderate to strong 4-7cm dilated 100% effaced, 0 to -2 station Check presenting part, membrane status, progression Reinforce childbirth plan Monitor hydration She is mor quiet, increasing dependency, decreased self confidence |
Active
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_______ Stage
Be alert to u/c and fetal heart tones Do a lot of coaching 8-10cm, 100%, -1 to +1, u/c q2-3 min, 60-90sec Strong, intense contractions Urge to push Back pain N&V Tremors Increased bloody show Check bladder She is more agitated and irritable Discouraged and tired Coping mechanisms decrease Difficult to relax |
Transition
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Second Stage
________ - a clean cut to widen vaginal opening and prevent tearing or undue stretching. Reduces second stage time. Can be midline or mediolateral No longer used routinely as indicated by the AACOG |
Episiotomy
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______ Stage
10cm, 100%, 0 - +2 Diaphoretic, uncontrolled urge to push Coach pushing Bulging of perineum, anal wink, open introitus, crowning, expulsion of urine or stool Delivery occurs with cardinal movements Episiotomy or Laceration possible at this time |
Second
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Classification of Perineal Lacerations
_______ degree - Vaginal mucous membrane and skin of the perineum to the fourchette. |
First
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Classification of Perineal Lacerations
_______ degree - Vagina, perineal skin, fascia, levator ani muscle, and perineal body. |
Second
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Classification of Perineal Lacerations
_______ degree - Entire perineum, and reaches the external sphincter of the rectum. |
Third
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Classification of Perineal Lacerations
_______ degree - Entire perineum, rectal sphincter, and some of the mucous membrane of the rectum. |
Fourth
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_______ Stage
Check for signs of separation, cord lengthens, gush of blood, fundus rises, uterus globe shaped Shiny shultze, dirty duncan Spontaneous or monual extraction |
Third
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Third Stage
Abnormal types _________ - one or more accessory lobes connected by blood vessels. |
Succinturiate
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Third Stage
Abnormal types ________ - cord insertion, multiple vessels. |
Velamentous
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Third Stage
Abnormal types ________ - cord inserted marginally. |
Battledore
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______ ______ Responsibilities
Prepare room, turn on warmer Have meds ready Note time of delivery, foot print and identify baby Administer oxytocin, monitor bleeding and fundus Newborn assessment Bonding, breast feeding |
Delivery Room
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_______ Assessment
Dry and warm baby APGAR at 1/5/10 minutes Monitor color and repirations Accucheck in applicable Physical Assessment Footprint and ID Vitamin K and Erythromycin ointment Breastfeeding and bonding |
Newborn
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What does the first "A" stand for in APGAR scoring?
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Appearance (skin color)
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What does the "P" stand for in APGAR scoring?
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Pulse (heart rate)
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What does the "G" stand for in APGAR scoring?
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Grimace (reflex irritability)
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What does the second "A" stand for in APGAR scoring?
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Activity (Muscle Tone)
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What is the term for relaxation of the uterine musculature?
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Uterine Atony
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How is hemmorhage controlled in uterine atony?
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Massage the uterus.
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Blood vessels at placental site must contract and seal, but this does not happen in?
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Uterine Atony
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If uterine atony occurs, fundal height must be observed, consistency and lochia for the next ____ hours.
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4
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In uterine atony, IV ______ is given 10-40U/1000ml.
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oxytocin
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In uterine atony, what is given IM?
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Methergine
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In uterine atony, the bladder needs to be kept _____, and the pt should be observe for s/s of _______.
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empty, shock
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Bimanual massage
Protaglandin administration Blood replacement Hysterectomy These are therapeutic management of? |
Uterine atony
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This produces strong sustained contractions?
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Prostaglandin administration
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This is injected IM to initiate contractions, often times right into the uterus.
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Prostaglandin administration
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Observe for s/s of nausea, diarrhea, tachycardia, hypertension, in ________ administration.
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prostaglandin
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Cytotec 600mcg given orally in _________ administration.
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prostaglandin
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In prostaglandin administration, what may, I repeat, may be given IM?
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Hemabate (Carboprost)
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What should have been done to the blood if blood replacement is needed?
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Cross matching and typing.
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What therapy may be given with blood replacement?
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Iron
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Extensive blood loss may lead to ________.
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infection
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______ baseline rate of 120-160 bpm.
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Fetal
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With what is a fetal HR auscultated?
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Doppler or EFM
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Use ________ ________ to locate the fetal back.
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Leopold's Maneuvers
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Count before, during and after ________.
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contraction
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EFM ________ during latent phase of labor and every _____ minutes during active labor.
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intermittently, 15
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Indirect (external) monitoring includes the use of ____ and eht external _________.
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gel, transducer
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Fetal Response to Labor
_____ ______ _____ - decelerations can occur with > intracranial pressures of 40-55mm/hg, from hypoxia of the CNS. Intact membranes may prevent those early decelerations. |
Heart Rate changes
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Fetal Response to Labor
______ _______ - at 35-40 weeks episodes of fetal breathing increase after maternal eating, and while she is sleeping. Incidence of fetal breathing ceases 2-3 days before labor. |
Fetal Movements
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Fetal Response to Labor
_______ ________ - these states develop between 36-38 weeks, and continues during labor. Sleep states are the most commonly observed. It can last for 40 minutes. |
Behavior states
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Fetal Response to Labor
________ ________ - Adequate exchange of nutients and gases depend in part on fetal b/p. Fetal/placental reserve should see the fetus thru the anoxic periods of the stong u/c. |
Hemodynamic changes
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Fetal _______
Goals include: - to identify a fetus in danger of asphyxiation - to intervene and reduce or relieve distress - to decrease perinatal mortality and neurological impairment |
Monitoring
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Fetal Monitoring
- Guidelines _______ phase - every hour _______ phase - every 15 minutes _______ phase - every 5 minutes |
Latent
Active Second |
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Fetal Monitoring
Direct fetal monitoring requires ROM and the application of an internal scalp _______. |
electrode
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Fetal Monitoring
______ monitoring is most accurate. |
Direct
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Fetal Monitoring
Normal rate is? |
120-160bpm
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Fetal Monitoring
Mild tachycardia is what range of bpm? |
161-180bpm
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Fetal Monitoring
Severe tachycardia is greater than what bpm. |
180bpm
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Fetal Monitoring
Mild bradycardia is what range of bpm? |
100-119bpm
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Fetal Monitoring
Moderate bradycardia is what range of bpm? |
70-99bpm
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Fetal Monitoring
Severe bradycardia is less than what bpm? |
Less than 70 bpm.
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Causes of _________
Maternal fever Early fetal hypoxia Maternal dehydration Medications Fetal infection Fetal anemia |
tachycardia
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Causes of _______
Late or profound hypoxia Maternal hypotension Umbilical cord compression Fetal arrhythmia |
Bradycardia
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If the mother's temperature is raised, _______ temperature will be raised.
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baby's
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______ _______ is rare. Can only hear with direct monitoring?
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Fetal arhythmia
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Fetal Monitoring
Two belts are used, one to measure ______ heart rate and one to measure uterine _______. |
fetal, contractions
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Fetal Monitoring
Mothers movement is ________. |
limited
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Fetal Monitoring
Changes in position may interfere with the ________. |
tracing
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Fetal Monitoring
Inform mom about fetal heart digital changes to allay ______. |
fears
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Fetal Monitoring
Use water soluble ____ to conduct heart tones. |
gel
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Fetal Monitoring
________ monitoring can occur when the cervix is dilated and membranes are ruptured. |
Internal
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Fetal Monitoring
A fetal scalp electrode is attached to the ______ for most accurate measurement. |
head
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Fetal Monitoring
An IUPC can be used for accurate measurement of ____________ units. |
Montevideo
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Fetal Monitoring
The normal FHR has a beat to beat variability of ___ - ____ bpm, indicating intact CNS |
6-25bpm
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Fetal Monitoring
We hopefully see this moderate variability in each ____ as an indicator of Fetal Well Being. |
strip
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Fetal Monitoring
_________ FHR changes occur with u/c. |
Periodic
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Fetal Monitoring
_______ FHR changes occur without u/c. |
Episodic
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Fetal Monitoring
Elevation of the FHR can be seen in response to fetal _________. |
movement.
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Fetal Monitoring
Decrease in FHR can be seen as a result of fetal ________, maternal ______, and ______ hypoxia. |
sleeping, drugs, fetal
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Fetal Monitoring
What does LTV stand for in fetal monitoring? |
Long Term Variability
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Fetal Monitoring
Changes in Long Term Variability also occur as a result of prematurity, heart defects and prolonged ____________. |
tachycardia
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Fetal Decelerations
________ - occur in the transitional stage of labor as a result of pressure on the fetal head and not treatment is usually indicated. |
Early (good)
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Fetal Decelerations
_____ - are an ominous sign and indicate utero-placental insufficiency. |
Late (not good)
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Fetal Monitoring
_______ - occur at any time during a contraction and are associated with cord compression. |
Variable (interesting)
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Early Decelerations
Do not indicate fetal distress and need ________ only. |
observation
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Early Decelerations
A drop in ___ below the baseline beginning with the contraction and returning to baseline at the end of the contraction. |
FHR
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Early Decelerations
______ in shape. |
Uniform
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Early Decelerations
Result of vagal never stimulation as the Fetal head is compressed during ______ into the pelvis. |
descent
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Late Deceleration
Cause ________ in fetal O2. |
reduction
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Late Deceleration
Utero-placental _________ may be caused by maternal supine hypotension, dehydration, hyperstimulation of the uterus, post maturity or abruption of the uterus. |
insufficiency
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Late Deceleration
Turn mom on her _____ side, discontinue ______, Administer O2. If decels persist beyond 30 minutes, delivery may be indicated. |
left, Pitocin
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Variable Decelerations
May be caused by cord __________ as the fetus descends into the birth canal. |
compression
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Variable Decelerations
They occur more with ______ presentation. |
breech
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Variable Decelerations
More common in ____ position. |
OP
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Variable Decelerations
Occurs at ________ times |
unpredictable
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Variable Decelerations
Short ______ cords (12-18 inches) |
occult
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Variable Decelerations
Last no longer than ___ seconds. |
45
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Variable Decelerations
Abrupt ______ to baseline. |
return
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Signs of Fetal Distress
Ominous _____ changes or patterns. |
FHR
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Signs of Fetal Distress
Fetal scalp ph below __.___. |
7.20
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Signs of Fetal Distress
_______ stained amniotic fluid. |
Meconium or Bowel
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Signs of Fetal Distress
Persistent fetal _______. |
tachycardia
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_________ ________ to Non-Reassuring fetal heart rate patterns
Identify causes Stop oxytocin infusion Reposition Increase IV fluid Administer O2 at 8-10L/via face mask Continue monitoring Notify MD or midwife Prepare for delivery |
Nursing response
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Pain Management
_______ __ _____ - Interventions for pain management should relieve her pain but not interfere with the labor process or her participation. It must be safe for both mother and fetus. |
Standards of Care
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Pain Management
______ ________ ____ - Parity and age, race, culture, coping mechanisms, emotional factors and attitudes, knowledge, confidence and support systems, environment, length of labor and positions. |
Factors affecting pain
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Pain
_________ pain is anticipated, has a prep time, is intermittent and has an end. |
Childbirth
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Pain
_______ pain in the first stage of labor, is a slow deep pain, not localized and related to u/c and cervical dilation. |
Cervical
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Pain
______ is sharp and fast pain, can be localized, later is first stage and early second stage caused by fetal descent. |
Somatic
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Pain
____ is caused by tissue ischemia, cervical dilation, pressure and pulling and descent and stretching. |
Pain
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____-________ Relief's
Superficial heat and cold Hydrotherapy Acupressure Effleurage (Abd. massage) Abdominal Pressure TENS (machine) Biofeedback (from husban) Comfort Measures Distraction Prepared Childbirth Education |
Non-Pharmacological
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Pharmacological Relief
_______ - the reduction of pain without loss of consciousness. |
Analgesia
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Pharmacological Relief
_______ - loss of sensation either complete or partial with or without loss of consciousness. |
Anesthesia
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Pharmacological Relief
Attempt to give the best pain management with the ______ side effects. |
least
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Sedatives and Tranquilizers
Given in _____ labor to reduce tension and anxiety. |
early
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Sedatives and Tranquilizers
May cause ____ sedation but no analgesia to depress fetus. |
over
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Sedatives and Tranquilizers
_________, ________ are the most common. |
Vistaril, Phenergan
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Narcotics
Reduce pain _______, good pain relief, but possible maternal and fetal depression, and may affect the course of labor. |
perception
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Narcotics
Given early, can ____ or ____ labor . |
slow, stop
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Narcotics
Given intermittently in _____ amounts. |
small
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Narcotics
Give as contractions ______ to minimize amount to fetus. |
begin
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Narcotics
D_____, S______, F______, N______, and Morphine. |
Demerol, Stadol, Fentanyl, Nubain
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Narcotics
All cross the ________. |
placenta
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Anesthesia
Can be Local or Regional Blocks and _______. |
General
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Anesthesia
The same drug may be used by ________ routes. |
alternate
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Anesthesia
Nurses must carefully assess clients _______ to all anesthetic's administered. |
reactions
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Anesthesia
____ _______ - given into subcutaneous and muscle tissue of the perineum is the most common and simple method. (Lidocaine and Bipivucaine) |
Local infiltrate
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Anesthesia
_______ causes loss of sensation along nerve pathways of a particular organ and surrounding tissues. (Paracervical, Pudendal, Epidural and Spinal Blocks) |
Regional
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Anesthesia
Pump can be ________ or one injection. |
continuous
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Anesthesia
Provides rapid quick ______. |
relief
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Anesthesia
Regional administration can cause ___________ resulting in maternal hypotension. |
vasodilation
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Anesthesia
Can cause the loss of __________ to void, causing the necessity of catheterization. |
sensation
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Anesthesia
_____ doses are given before the full dose. |
Test
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________ Advantages
Relieves discomfort Fully awake May be reinforced as labor progresses. |
Epidural
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________ Disadvantages
Maternal hypotension Labor may be slowed Delayed return of bladder sensation. |
Epidural
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Spinal Block
Injected directly into the spinal canal below the _____. |
cord
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Spinal Block
Usually for __ ______. |
c section
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Spinal Block
________ - Rapid onset, ease of administration, smaller dose of drug. |
Advatages
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Spinal Block
_______ - Hypotension, fetal hypoxia, level less predictable, respiratory distress if drug reaches diaphragm. |
Disadvantages
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The epidural space is entered with a needle ______ where the spinal cord ends.
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below
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After the catheter is threaded into the epidural space, the needle is removed. Medication can then be injected into the epidural space intermittently or by _________ infusion for pain relief during labor and birth.
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continuous
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__________ - u/c is time from the beginning of one u/c to the beginning of the next.
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Frequency
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_________ - time from the onset to end of u/c.
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Duration
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_________ - mild, moderate, strong by palpation.
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Intensity
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_________ - time in between u/c.
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Interval
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What does IUPC stand for?
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Internal Uterine Pressure Catheter
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What do you call the incline line on the contraction tracing?
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Increment
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What do you call the "top of the hill" part of the line on the contraction tracing?
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Acme
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What do you call the descending line on the contraction tracing?
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Decrement
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What do you call the flat line on the contraction tracing?
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Resting phase
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What do you call the vertical height measurement of the contraction tracing?
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Intensity
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What do you call the horizontal width of the visualized contration "hill" on the contraction tracing?
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Duration
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