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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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amino group
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A chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1<sup>+</sup>.
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ammonia
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A small, very toxic molecule (NH<sub>3</sub>) produced by nitrogen fixation or as a metabolic waste product of protein and nucleic acid metabolism.
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carbonyl group
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A chemical group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
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carboxyl group
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A chemical group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
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enantiomer
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One of two compounds that are mirror images of each other.
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functional group
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A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
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geometric isomer
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One of several compounds that have the same molecular formula and covalent arrangements but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms owing to the inflexibility of double bonds.
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hydrocarbon
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An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
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hydroxyl group
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A chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
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isomer
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One of several compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties.
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methyl group
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A chemical group consisting of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms. It may be attached to a carbon or to a different atom.
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organic chemistry
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The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).
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phosphate group
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A chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer.
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sulfhydryl group
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A chemical group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.
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structural isomer
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One of several compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
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urea
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A soluble nitrogenous waste produced in the liver by a metabolic cycle that combines ammonia with carbon dioxide.
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