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175 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Computers can directly understand only their native ___________ language, which is composed
only of 1s and 0s. |
machine
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Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called computer _____________.
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programs
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The three types of computer programming languages discussed in the chapter are machine languages, ___________ and ___________.
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assembly languages, high-level languages
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Programs that translate high-level-language programs into machine language are called _____________.
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compilers
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Visual Studio is a(n) ___________ in which C# programs are developed.
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IDE
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Visual Basic is a(n) ______________, event-driven language.
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object-oriented
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_____________is a programming language that was created by Microsoft specifically for the .NET platform.
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C#
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____________is a language for sharing information via “hyperlinked” text documents on the World Wide Web.
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HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
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The ____________ executes .NET programs.
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Common Language Runtime (CLR)
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Objects have ____________ (also called properties) and perform actions (also called methods or _____________ ).
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attributes, behaviors
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__________ models software in terms similar to those that people use to describe realworld objects.
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object technology
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W3C
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World Wide Web Consortium
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XML
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Extensible Markup Language
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OOP
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Object-Oriented Programming
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CLR
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Common Language Runtime
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CLI
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Common Language Infrastructure
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MSIL
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Microsoft Intermediate Language
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UML
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Unified Modeling Language
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IDE
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Integrated Development Environment
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The technique of _________ allows you to create GUIs without writing any code.
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visual programming
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A(n) ____________ is a group of one or more projects that collectively form a Visual Basic program.
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solution
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The ___________ feature hides a window when the mouse pointer is moved outside the window’s area.
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auto-hide
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A(n) _________ appears when the mouse pointer hovers over an icon.
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tool tip
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The ____________ window allows you to browse solution files.
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Solution Explorer
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The properties in the Properties window can be sorted _______________ or ________________.
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alphabetically, categorically
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A Form’s ______________ property specifies the text displayed in the Form’s title bar.
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Text
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The _____________ allows you to add controls to the Form in a visual manner.
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Toolbox
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Using _____________ displays relevant help articles, based on the current context.
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context-sensitive help
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The _______________ property specifies how text is aligned within a Label’s boundaries.
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TextAlign
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When an ellipsis button is clicked, a(n) _____________ is displayed.
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dialog
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To save every file in a solution, select ______________ .
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File > Save All
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Using _______________ help immediately displays a relevant help article.
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context-sensitive
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"GUI" is an acronym for
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Graphical User Interface
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The _____________ property specifies which image a PictureBox displays.
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image
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The _____________ menu contains commands for arranging and displaying windows.
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window
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A(n) _____________ begins the body of every method, and a(n) ______________ ends the body of every method.
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left brace ({), right brace (})
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Most statements end with a(n) _____________.
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semicolon ( ; )
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The _________ statement is used to make decisions.
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if
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_________ begins a single-line comment.
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//
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_______________, __________________and _______________are called whitespace characters. Newline characters are also considered whitespace characters.
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Blank lines, space characters, tab characters
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_____________ are reserved for use by C#.
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Keywords
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C# applications begin execution at method __________ .
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Main
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Methods _____________ and _____________ display information in the console window.
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Console.WriteLine, Console.Write
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_______________ are used to document an application and improve its readability.
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Comments
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A decision can be made in a C# application with a(n) _____________.
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if statement
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Calculations are normally performed by ___________ statements.
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assignment
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The arithmetic operators with the same precedence as multiplication are ____________ and _______________.
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division /, remainder %
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When parentheses in an arithmetic expression are nested, the _____________ set of parentheses is evaluated first.
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innermost
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A location in the computer’s memory that may contain different values at various times throughout the execution of an application is called a(n) _____________.
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variable
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A house is to a blueprint as a(n) ___________ is to a class.
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object
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Every class declaration contains keyword ______________ followed immediately by the class’s name.
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class
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Operator ____________ creates an object of the class specified to the right of the keyword.
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new
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Each parameter must specify both a(n) _________ and a(n) ___________ .
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type and name
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By default, classes that are not explicitly declared in a namespace are implicitly placed in the ____________.
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global namespace
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When each object of a class maintains its own copy of an attribute, the field that represents the attribute is also known as a(n) __________________.
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instance variable
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C# provides three simple types for storing real numbers _______________, _____________ and _____________.
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float, double and decimal
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Variables of type double represent __________ floating-point numbers.
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double-precision
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Convert method ___________ returns a decimal value.
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ToDecimal
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Keyword public is a(n) ___________.
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access modifier
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Return type ___________ indicates that a method will not return any information when it completes its task.
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void
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Console method _______________ reads characters until a newline character is encountered, then returns those characters (not including the newline) as a string.
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ReadLine
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A(n) ______________ is not required if you always refer to a class with its fully qualified class name.
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using directive
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Variables of type float represent _______________ floating-point numbers.
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single-precision
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The format specifier ____________ is used to display values in a monetary format.
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C
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Types are either __________ types or ___________ types.
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value types or reference types
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For a(n) ______________ , the compiler automatically generates a private instance variable and set and get accessors.
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auto-implemented property
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All applications can be written in terms of three types of control structures ____________ , ___________ and ___________.
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sequence, selection, repetition
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The _____________ statement is used to execute one action when a condition is true and another when that condition is false.
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if else
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Repeating a set of instructions a specific number of times is called ____________ repetition.
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counter-controlled (or definite)
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When it is not known in advance how many times a set of statements will be repeated, a(n) ______________ value can be used to terminate the repetition.
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sentinel, signal, flag or dummy
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The ____________ structure is built into C#—by default, statements execute in the order they appear.
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sequence
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Instance variables of type int are given the value by ___________ default.
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0 (zero)
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C# is a ____________ language—it requires all variables to have a type.
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strongly typed
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If the increment operator is ____________ to a variable, the variable is incremented by 1 first, then its new value is used in the expression.
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prefixed
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Typically, ___________ statements are used for counter-controlled repetition and ____________ statements are used for sentinel-controlled repetition.
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for, while
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The do…while statement tests the loop-continuation condition ___________ executing the loop’s body; therefore, the body always executes at least once.
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after
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The __________ statement selects among multiple actions based on the possible values of an integer variable or expression.
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switch
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The _____________ statement, when executed in a repetition statement, skips the remaining statements in the loop body and proceeds with the next iteration of the loop.
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continue
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The _____________ operator can be used to ensure that two conditions are both true before choosing a certain path of execution.
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& (conditional AND) or & (boolean logical AND)
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If the loop-continuation condition in a for header is initially _____________, the for statement’s body does not execute.
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false
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Methods that perform common tasks and do not need to be called on objects are called ___________ methods.
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static
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A method is invoked with a(n) _____________.
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method call
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A variable known only within the method in which it is declared is called a(n) ___________.
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local variable
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The _____________ statement in a called method can be used to pass the value of an expression
back to the calling method. |
return
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The ____________ keyword indicates that a method does not return a value.
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void
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Data can be added to or removed from only the ___________ of a stack.
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top
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Stacks are known as _____________data structures—the last item pushed (inserted) on the stack is the first item popped off (removed from) the stack.
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last-in-first-out (LIFO)
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The three ways to return control from a called method to a caller are ______________, _____________ and ______________.
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return, return expression and encountering the closing right brace of a method
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An object of class _____________ produces pseudorandom numbers.
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Random
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The program-execution stack contains the memory for local variables on each invocation of a method during an application’s execution. This data, stored as a portion of the program-execution stack, is known as the ____________ or _____________ of the method call.
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activation record or stack frame
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If there are more method calls than can be stored on the program-execution stack, an error known as a(n) ___________ occurs.
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stack overflow
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The _____________ of a declaration is the portion of an application that can refer to the entity in the declaration by its unqualified name.
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scope
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It is possible to have several methods with the same name that each operate on different types or numbers of arguments. This feature is called method _____________.
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overloading
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The program execution stack is also referred to as the _____________ stack.
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method call
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A method that calls itself either directly or indirectly is a(n) _________ method.
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recursive
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A recursive method typically has two components: one that provides a means for the recursion to terminate by testing for a(n) ___________ case and one that expresses the problem as a recursive call for a slightly simpler problem than does the original call.
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base
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Lists and tables of values can be stored in _____________.
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arrays
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An array is a group of ___________ (called elements) containing values that all have the same _____________.
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variables, types
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The ____________ statement allows you to iterate through the elements in an array without using a counter.
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foreach
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The number that refers to a particular array element is called the element’s _______________.
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index (or position number)
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An array that uses two indices is referred to as a(n) ____________ array.
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two-dimensional
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Use the foreach header ____________ to iterate through double array numbers.
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foreach (double d in numbers)
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Command-line arguments are stored in _____________.
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an array of strings, conventionally called args
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Use the expression _____________ to receive the total number of arguments in a command line. Assume that command-line arguments are stored in string[] args.
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args.Length
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Given the command MyApplication test, the first command-line argument is _____________.
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test
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A _____________ in the parameter list of a method indicates that the method can receive a variable number of arguments.
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params modifier
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One-dimensional array p contains four elements. The array access expressions for elements are _____________ , _______________ , _____________ and ______________.
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p[ 0 ], p[ 1 ], p[ 2 ] and p[ 3 ]
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Naming an array’s variable, stating its type and specifying the number of dimensions in the array is called ____________ the array.
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declaring
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In a two-dimensional array, the first index identifies the _______________ of an element and the second index identifies the _____________ of an element.
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row, column
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An m-by-n array contains ______________ rows, ____________ columns and ______________ elements.
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m, n, m x n
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The name of the element in row 3 and column 5 of jagged array d is _______________.
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d[3][5]
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Use the ____________ property of the List class to find the number of elements in the List.
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Count
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The LINQ __________ clause is used for filtering.
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where
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____________ are classes specifically designed to store groups of objects and provide methods that organize, store and retrieve those objects.
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Collections
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To add an element to the end of a List, use the ___________ method.
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Add
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To get only unique results from a LINQ query, use the _____________ method.
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Distinct
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string class static method _________ is similar to method Console.Write, but returns a formatted string rather than displaying a string in a console window.
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Format
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If a method contains a local variable with the same name as one of its class’s fields, the local variable _________ the field in that method’s scope.
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hides
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The _________ is called by garbage collector just before it reclaims an object's memory.
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destructor
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If a class declares constructors, the compiler will not create a(n) _________.
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default constructor
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An object’s _________ method can be called implicitly when an object appears in code where a string is needed.
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ToString
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Composition is sometimes referred to as a(n) _________ relationship.
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has-a
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A(n) _________ variable represents classwide information that is shared by all the objects of the class.
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static
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The _________ states that code should be granted only the amount of access needed to accomplish its designated task.
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principle of least privilege
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Declaring an instance variable with keyword _________ or specifies that the variable is not modifiable.
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readonly
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A(n) _________ consists of a data representation and the operations that can be performed on the data.
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abstract data type (ADT).
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The public methods of a class are also known as the class’s _________or _________ .
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public services, public interface.
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_________ is a form of software reusability in which new classes acquire the members of existing classes and enhance those classes with new capabilities.
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Inheritance
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A base class’s _________ members can be accessed only in the base class declaration and in derived class declarations.
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protected
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In a(n) _________ relationship, an object of a derived class can also be treated as an object of its base class.
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is-a or inheritance
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In a(n) _________ relationship, a class object has references to objects of other classes as members.
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has-a or composition
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In single inheritance, a base class exists in a(n) _________ relationship with its derived classes.
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hierarchical
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A base class’s _________ members are accessible anywhere that the application has a reference to an object of that base class or to an object of any of its derived classes.
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public
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When an object of a derived class is instantiated, a base class _________ is called implicitly or explicitly.
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constructor
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Derived class constructors can call base class constructors via the _________ keyword.
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base
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If a class contains at least one abstract method, it must be declared as a(n) _________ class.
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abstract
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Classes from which objects can be instantiated are called _________ classes.
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concrete
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_________ involves using a base class variable to invoke methods on base class and derived class objects, enabling you to “program in the general.”
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Polyymorphism
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Methods in a class that do not provide implementations must be declared using keyword _________ .
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abstract
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Casting a reference stored in a base class variable to a derived class type is called _________ .
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downcasting
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A method is said to _________ an exception when that method detects that a problem has occurred.
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throw
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When present, the _________ block associated with a try block always executes.
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finally
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Exception classes are derived from class ________ .
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Exception
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The statement that throws an exception is called _________ the of the exception.
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throw point
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C# uses the _________ model of exception handling as opposed to the _________ model of exception handling.
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termination, resumption
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An uncaught exception in a method causes the method to _________ from the method-call stack.
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unwind
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Method Convert.ToInt32 can throw a(n) _________ exception if its argument is not a valid integer value.
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FormatException
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The active control is said to have the _________ .
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focus
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The Form acts as a(n) _________ for the controls that are added.
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container
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GUIs are ________ driven.
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event
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Every method that handles the same event must have the same ________ .
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signature
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A(n) _________ TextBox masks user input with a character used repeatedly.
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password
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Class ________ and class ________ help arrange controls on a GUI and provide logical groups for radio buttons.
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GroupBox, Panel
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Typical mouse events include _________ , _________ and _________.
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mouse clicks, mouse presses, mouse moves
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_________ events are generated when a key on the keyboard is pressed or released.
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Key
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The modifier keys are _________ , _________ and _________ .
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shift, ctrl, alt
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A(n) _________ event or delegate can call multiple methods.
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multicast
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Method _________ of class Process can open files and Web pages, similar to the Run... command in Windows.
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Start
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If more elements appear in a ComboBox than can fit, a(n) _________ appears.
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scrollbar
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A(n) _________ and a(n) _________can display icons contained in an ImageList control.
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ListView, TreeView
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The _________ property allows a menu to display a list of active child windows.
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MdiList
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Class _________ allows you to combine several controls into a single, custom control.
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UserControl
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The _________ saves space by layering TabPages on top of each other.
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TabControl
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The _________ window layout option makes all MDI windows the same size and layers them so every title bar is visible (if possible).
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Cascade
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_________ are typically used to display hyperlinks to other resources, files or Web pages.
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LinkLabels
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Ultimately, all data items processed by a computer are reduced to combinations of _________ and _________ .
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0s, 1s
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The smallest data item a computer can process is called a _________ .
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bit
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A _________ is a group of related records.
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file
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Digits, letters and special symbols are collectively referred to as _________ .
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characters
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A group of related files is called a _________ .
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database
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StreamReader method _________ reads a line of text from a file.
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ReadLine
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StreamWriter method _________ writes a line of text to a file.
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WriteLine
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Method Serialize of class BinaryFormatter takes a(n) _________ and a(n) _________ as arguments
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Stream, object
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The _________ namespace contains most of C#’s file-processing classes.
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System.IO
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The _________ namespace contains the BinaryFormatter class.
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System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary
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