Butler Us History Goal 1

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The biggest problem facing the new nation when George Washington was inaugurated was an...

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economic crisis of debt ($75 million)

Front 2

Who did George Washington appoint as his Secretary of Treasury?

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Alexander Hamilton

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Who did George Washington appoint as his Secretary of State?

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Thomas Jefferson

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The most important outcome of the conflict over Hamilton's financial plan was...

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The rise of political parties

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The biggest issue that divided Hamilton and Jefferson, and still divides Americans today, is...

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Who should have the most power

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What political party did Hamilton belong to?

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Federalist

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What political party did Jefferson belong to?

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Democratic-Republican

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Elastic Clause

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States that the government can do anything "necessary and proper"

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Jay's Treaty

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A treaty with British that angered Americans for failing to end the practice of impressments

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Cabinet

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Heads of executive departments who serve as top advisors to the president

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Hamilton's Economic Plan

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A plan to save the new government from its immediate debt crisis

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Revenue

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Money acquired by the government through the raising of taxes

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Protective tariff

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Tax that raises prices of imported goods to help protect American businesses from foreign competition

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Excise tax

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Sales tax on individual consumer items

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Bank of the United States (BUS)

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Controversial part of Hamilton's Plan that Jefferson opposed for putting too much power in the hands of the federal government

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Nullification

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The idea that a state government has the authority to ignore or cancel a federal law with which they disagree

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Impressment

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The most serious violation of US "freedom of the seas" and cause of conflict with Great Britain

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Proclamation of Neutrality

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President Washinton's announcement that the U.S. would stay out of war between Britain and France, but continue trading with both

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Whiskey Rebellion

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The first challenge to the authority of the new government under George Washington. It proved the new government had the authority to enforce laws

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Federalists

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One of the first political parties that wanted a federal government strong enough to maintain order

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Democratic-Republican

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One of the first political parties that wanted a federal government with limited power; more power to the state governments

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Loose interpretation

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The belief that the government can do anything not specifically denied in the Constitution

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Strict interpretation

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The belief that the government cannot do anything not specifically in the Constitution

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Necessary and Proper Clause

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This implied that the government could use powers not specifically given to it in the Constitution. (Also called the Elastic clause)

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Treaty of Greenvile

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A treaty with Native Americans that helped open up western lands to American settlers

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Pickney's Treaty

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A treaty with Spain that gave American farmers in the west free passage through the port of New Orleans

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The "Revolution of 1800"

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An event that showed the strength of the Constitution by allowing for the peaceful passing of power to political opponents

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Farewell Address

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President Washington's warning to future presidents to avoid foreign affairs and political parties

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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

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Documents opposing the Alien and Sedition Acts in which state governments expressed the rights of states to nullify federal laws

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Alien and Sedition Acts

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A set of laws passed by Adams and the Federalists that made it against the law to criticize the government; violated 1st amandment freedoms of speech and press

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Limited Government

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The belief that the Constitution and the Bill of Rights protected citizens from the abuse of power by the government

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French Revolution

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A foreign issue that did most to divide Americans between those who supported France and those who wanted to protect trade with Great Britain

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XYZ Affair

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France attempted to bribe the US to neogotiate with Foreign Minister Talleyrand; made Americans angry with France

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"Undeclared war" / "Quasi-War"

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Conflict with France that followed the XYZ affair that angered those Americans who supported France in its war with Britain

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Marbury v. Madison

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Declared that the supreme court had the power of judicial review.

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Judicial review

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The power to declare any law or act of the president to be unconstitutional

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Federalism

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The constitutional principle that divides the power to govern between the states and the centeral government

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Battle of New Orleans

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Gave Americans a huge sense of pride for defeating a superior British Army

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Treaty of Ghent

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A treaty with Britiain that ended the War of 1812

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Warhawks

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Southern farmers and Western frontiersmen who supported the War of 1812

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The Lewis and Clark Expedition

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Gathered information about the Lousiana Territory after the US had bought it from France

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Louisiana Territory

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Important to the US because framers relied on the Mississipi River to transport their produce from the interior of the U.S. to the rest of the country and the world

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Neutrality

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The goal of the foreign policy during the administrations of Washington and Adams

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Militia

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Volunteer soldiers (per state). This is how Jefferson dismantled the army greatly.

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Status quo Antebellum

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The way things were before the war

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The Era of Good Feelings

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Jackson's "upset" victory started a period of great nationalism, know as this

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The Battle of Fort McHenry

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This battle took place in Baltimore, Maryland - Francis Scott Key wrote the Star-Spangled banner after witnessing the battle from British ships

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The Battle for Lake Erie

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This battle stopped British invasion of the U.S. from Canada

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The Hartford Convention (1814)

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The New England states apposed the war of 1812, they almost broke away from the Union because of this, but instead approved a proposal to amend the Constitution to requrie two-thirds approval by Cognress to declare war

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Second War for Independence

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The War of 1812 is also called this, because the U.S. finally won economic independence