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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Which of the following are principles of the cell theory or cell doctrine?
A. All living things are composed of one or more cells. B. Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms. C. New cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division. D. Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms and new cells form from pre-existing cells by cell division. E. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest units of life, and new cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division. |
E. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest units of life, and new cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.
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2. Which two cell scientists are credited with the formulation of the cell theory, also known as the cell doctrine?
A. Watson and Crick B. Schleiden and Schwann C. Schleiden and Hooke D. Schwann and Jenner |
B. Schleiden and Schwann
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3. This is a tool that enables researchers to study the structure and function of cells.
A. magnifying glass B. microscope C. tunneling assay D. digital recording E. differential centrifugation |
B. microscope
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5. Which of the following reflects a primary difference between transmission and scanning electron microscopy?
A. Transmission electron microscopy has high resolution, but scanning electron microscopy does not. B. Transmission electron microscopy shows contrast, but scanning electron microscopy does not. C. Transmission electron microscopy has much higher magnification than scanning electron microscopy. D. Transmission electron microscopy shows two-dimensional ultrastructure, while the scanning electron microscopy shows three-dimensional structure. E. Transmission electron microscopy uses light as an illumination source, while scanning electron microscopy uses electron beams as an illumination source. |
D. Transmission electron microscopy shows two-dimensional ultrastructure, while the scanning electron microscopy shows three-dimensional structure.
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6. Which of the following type of microscopy would be most effective in visualizing the fine structure of viruses and cytoskeletal filaments 10–25 nanometers in diameter?
A. standard light microscopy B. phase-contrast light microscopy C. transmission electron microscopy D. darkfield light microscopy E. differential-interference microscopy |
C. transmission electron microscopy
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8. Prokaryotes
A. lack a true nucleus. B. lack true DNA. C. use the cell membrane rather than ribosomes for making proteins. D. contain numerous organelles. E. are relatively benign cells incapable of harming organisms. |
A. lack a true nucleus.
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9. Which of the following structures distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?
A. chloroplast B. nucleus C. plasma membrane D. golgi apparatus E. mitochondria |
A. chloroplast
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10. Which of the following is NOT true of prokaryotes?
A. They lack a membrane-bound nucleus. B. DNA is located within the cytosol. C. They have a simpler structure relative to eukaryotes. D. They possess membrane-bound organelles. E. They are relatively small compared with eukaryotes. |
D. They possess membrane-bound organelles.
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11. The cell wall is a common feature to
A. prokaryotic cells only. B. plant cells only. C. animal cells only. D. prokaryotic and plant cells. E. prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells. |
D. prokaryotic and plant cells.
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12. Plasma membranes are a feature of
A. all cells. B. prokaryotic cells only. C. eukaryotic cells only. D. plant cells only. E. animal cells only. |
A. All cells.
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13. During a period of low water availability, which prokaryotic structure would protect a cell from dessication (drying out)?
A. pili B. plasma membrane C. nucleus D. cell wall |
D. Cell wall.
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14. The nucleus is to eukaryotes as the ________ is to prokaryotes.
A. pili B. glycocalyx C. ribosome D. nucleoid E. cell wall |
D. Nucleoid.
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15. Which of the following might account for the general structural and functional differences between a nerve and smooth muscle cell within an individual?
A. The proteome differs between muscle and nerve cells. B. The genome (DNA) differs between muscle and nerve cells. C. The relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells. D. The proteome and the relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells. E. The genome (DNA) and the relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells. |
D. The proteome and the relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells.
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16. FtsZ, MreB, and CreS proteins regulate the shape and structure of bacterial (prokaryotes) cells. These proteins are homologous to what structure in eukaryotes?
A. extracellular matrix B. DNA processing enzymes C. cytoskeleton D. organelles E. cell wall |
C. cytoskeleton
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17. Which of the statements about the synthesis of polypeptides (proteins) is INCORRECT?
A. Translation is the process of protein synthesis. B. Proteins are synthesized in the cytosol. C. The synthesis of proteins is a catabolic process. D. The synthesis of proteins requires ribosomes. E. Proteins are synthesized from mRNA template. |
C. The synthesis of proteins is a catabolic process.
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18. Which cytoskeletal structures represent a highly diverse group of tension-bearing fibers important to the maintenance of cell shape?
A. microtubules B. intermediate filaments C. microfilaments D. centrioles E. pili |
B. intermediate filaments
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19. The cytoskeleton and motor proteins are important for which of the following processes?
A. cell motility B. whipping motion of sperm flagella C. movement of amoeba by lamellopodia D. muscle contraction E. All of the choices are correct. |
E. All of the choices are correct.
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1. Which of the following are principles of the cell theory or cell doctrine?
A. All living things are composed of one or more cells. B. Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms. C. New cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division. D. Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms and new cells form from pre-existing cells by cell division. E. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest units of life, and new cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division. |
E. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest units of life, and new cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.
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2. Which two cell scientists are credited with the formulation of the cell theory, also known as the cell doctrine?
A. Watson and Crick B. Schleiden and Schwann C. Schleiden and Hooke D. Schwann and Jenner |
B. Schleiden and Schwann
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3. This is a tool that enables researchers to study the structure and function of cells.
A. magnifying glass B. microscope C. tunneling assay D. digital recording E. differential centrifugation |
B. microscope
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5. Which of the following reflects a primary difference between transmission and scanning electron microscopy?
A. Transmission electron microscopy has high resolution, but scanning electron microscopy does not. B. Transmission electron microscopy shows contrast, but scanning electron microscopy does not. C. Transmission electron microscopy has much higher magnification than scanning electron microscopy. D. Transmission electron microscopy shows two-dimensional ultrastructure, while the scanning electron microscopy shows three-dimensional structure. E. Transmission electron microscopy uses light as an illumination source, while scanning electron microscopy uses electron beams as an illumination source. |
D. Transmission electron microscopy shows two-dimensional ultrastructure, while the scanning electron microscopy shows three-dimensional structure.
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6. Which of the following type of microscopy would be most effective in visualizing the fine structure of viruses and cytoskeletal filaments 10–25 nanometers in diameter?
A. standard light microscopy B. phase-contrast light microscopy C. transmission electron microscopy D. darkfield light microscopy E. differential-interference microscopy |
C. transmission electron microscopy
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8. Prokaryotes
A. lack a true nucleus. B. lack true DNA. C. use the cell membrane rather than ribosomes for making proteins. D. contain numerous organelles. E. are relatively benign cells incapable of harming organisms. |
A. lack a true nucleus.
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9. Which of the following structures distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?
A. chloroplast B. nucleus C. plasma membrane D. golgi apparatus E. mitochondria |
A. chloroplast
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10. Which of the following is NOT true of prokaryotes?
A. They lack a membrane-bound nucleus. B. DNA is located within the cytosol. C. They have a simpler structure relative to eukaryotes. D. They possess membrane-bound organelles. E. They are relatively small compared with eukaryotes. |
D. They possess membrane-bound organelles.
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11. The cell wall is a common feature to
A. prokaryotic cells only. B. plant cells only. C. animal cells only. D. prokaryotic and plant cells. E. prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells. |
D. prokaryotic and plant cells.
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12. Plasma membranes are a feature of
A. all cells. B. prokaryotic cells only. C. eukaryotic cells only. D. plant cells only. E. animal cells only. |
A. all cells.
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13. During a period of low water availability, which prokaryotic structure would protect a cell from dessication (drying out)?
A. pili B. plasma membrane C. nucleus D. cell wall |
D. cell wall
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14. The nucleus is to eukaryotes as the ________ is to prokaryotes.
A. pili B. glycocalyx C. ribosome D. nucleoid E. cell wall |
D. nucleoid
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15. Which of the following might account for the general structural and functional differences between a nerve and smooth muscle cell within an individual?
A. The proteome differs between muscle and nerve cells. B. The genome (DNA) differs between muscle and nerve cells. C. The relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells. D. The proteome and the relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells. E. The genome (DNA) and the relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells. |
D. The proteome and the relative amounts of certain proteins differ between muscle and nerve cells.
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16. FtsZ, MreB, and CreS proteins regulate the shape and structure of bacterial (prokaryotes) cells. These proteins are homologous to what structure in eukaryotes?
A. extracellular matrix B. DNA processing enzymes C. cytoskeleton D. organelles E. cell wall |
C. cytoskeleton
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17. Which of the statements about the synthesis of polypeptides (proteins) is INCORRECT?
A. Translation is the process of protein synthesis. B. Proteins are synthesized in the cytosol. C. The synthesis of proteins is a catabolic process. D. The synthesis of proteins requires ribosomes. E. Proteins are synthesized from mRNA template. |
C. The synthesis of proteins is a catabolic process.
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18. Which cytoskeletal structures represent a highly diverse group of tension-bearing fibers important to the maintenance of cell shape?
A. microtubules B. intermediate filaments C. microfilaments D. centrioles E. pili |
B. intermediate filaments
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19. The cytoskeleton and motor proteins are important for which of the following processes?
A. cell motility B. whipping motion of sperm flagella C. movement of amoeba by lamellopodia D. muscle contraction E. All of the choices are correct. |
E. All of the choices are correct.
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20. Which of the following is NOT true for cilia or flagella?
A. They are involved in cell motility. B. They require ATP to work. C. They are composed of microfilaments. D. They require motor proteins to work. E. They are composed of an internal structure called the axoneme. |
C. They are composed of microfilaments.
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21. This cytoskeletal structure is composed of actin and regulates cell shape, cell movement, and muscle contraction.
A. microfilaments B. intermediate filaments C. microtubules D. both microfilaments and intermediate filaments E. both microfilaments and microtubules |
A. microfilaments
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22. Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that produce which of the following molecules?
A. steroids B. lipids C. glucose D. starches E. proteins |
E. proteins
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23. In animal cells microtubules grow from which structure?
A. origination centers in the plasma membrane B. outer membrane of the nuclear envelope C. centrosomes containing centrioles D. dimerization centers located throughout the cytosol E. the tips of the chromosomes |
C. centrosomes containing centrioles
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24. This specialized structure stores pigments, water, inorganic ions and maintains turgor pressure.
A. Golgi apparatus B. vacuole C. peroxisomes D. vesicles E. lysosomes |
B. vacuole
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25. Which would be the most accurate endomembrane route through which a protein is secreted from a cell?
A. Golgi apparatus®lysosome®vesicles®plasma membrane B. plasmid®plasma membrane®nuclear envelope®smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. nuclear envelope®vesicles®Golgi apparatus®plasma membrane D. rough endoplasmic reticulum®lysosomes®vesicles®cell membrane E. rough endoplasmic reticulum® Golgi apparatus®vesicles ®plasma membrane |
E. rough endoplasmic reticulum® Golgi apparatus®vesicles ®plasma membrane
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26. Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?
A. lysosome-protein synthesis B. cytoskeleton-microfilaments C. nucleus-DNA replication D. cell membrane-lipid bilayer E. Golgi apparatus-modification, processing, and sorting of macromolecules |
A. lysosome-protein synthesis
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27. Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions is NOT correct?
A. chloroplast: photosynthesis B. cell wall: support, protection C. mitochondria: formation of ATP D. ribosomes: site of protein synthesis E. Golgi apparatus: breakdown of macromolecules |
E. Golgi apparatus: breakdown of macromolecules
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28. This organelle is responsible for the biosynthesis of proteins that are destined for secretion by the cell.
A. Golgi apparatus B. lysosome C. vesicles D. endoplasmic reticulum E. mitochondria |
D. endoplasmic reticulum
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29. Due to the lack of an enzyme to break down lipids, excess accumulation of lipids in the brain leads to a human disease called Tay Sachs syndrome. Which organelle is likely to be the one that lacks the proper enzyme needed for lipid breakdown?
A. lysosome B. tonoplast C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome |
A. lysosome
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30. This organelle is important for the detoxification of alcohol in the liver.
A. lysosome B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. mitochondrion D. Golgi apparatus E. peroxisome |
B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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31. The gonads produce steroids. Which organelle would likely be present in this tissue?
A. ribosome B. lysosome C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. mitochondria E. contractile vacuole |
C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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32. Which of the following is INCORRECT about ribosome biosynthesis and structure?
A. Ribosomes are composed of two subunits. B. Ribosomes are composed of RNA. C. All components of the ribosome are produced in the cytosol. D. Ribosomal proteins are produced in the cytosol. E. Ribosomes are composed of proteins. |
C. All components of the ribosome are produced in the cytosol.
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33. Which of the following is not a constituent of the nucleus?
A. pores B. envelope or membrane C. chromosomes D. chromatin E. protein modifying enzymes |
E. protein modifying enzymes
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34. Lysosomes digest intracellular debris, such as organelles, through the process of ____________.
A. endocytosis B. phagocytosis C. autophagy D. pinocytosis E. excocytosis |
C. autophagy
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35. In eukaryotes, which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
A. barrier for separating extracellular and intracellular environments of a cell B. cell-to-cell adhesion C. selective transport D. ATP synthesis E. cell signaling |
D. ATP synthesis
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36. Which of the following statements about peroxisomes is INCORRECT?
A. They were once viewed as semiautonomous. B. They assist in detoxifying molecules. C. They possess a single membrane. D. They possess their own DNA. E. They possess an enzyme that prevents accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and free radicals. |
D. They possess their own DNA.
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37. Which of the following organelles can grow and divide to reproduce themselves?
A. mitochondria only B. chloroplasts only C. peroxisomes only D. both mitochondria and chloroplasts E. Mithochondria, chloroplasts, and lysosomes can reproduce themselves. |
D. both mitochondria and chloroplasts
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38. Cyanide binds and impairs one of the molecules involved in the production of ATP. Which organelle does cyanide act upon?
A. peroxisome B. lysosome C. ribosome D. endoplasmic reticulum E. mitochondria |
E. mitochondria
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39. Tissues that are metabolically active and utilize large amounts of energy would be rich in
A. ribosomes. B. lysosomes. C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum. D. mitochondria. E. contractile vacuoles. |
D. mitochondria.
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40. Which of the following plant organelle is a colorless plastid that stores starch in roots?
A. thyloplasts B. chloroplasts C. chromoplasts D. amyloplasts E. both chloroplasts and chromoplasts |
D. amyloplasts
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41. Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of both mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes?
A. Composed of a double stranded chromosome. B. Composed of a single circular chromosome C. Has a small genome. D. Chloroplast genome is larger than the mitochondrial genome. |
A. Composed of a double stranded chromosome.
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42. Which of the following is NOT a function of a signal recognition particle (SRP)?
A. Binds to a receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). B. Docks the ribosome over a channel protein. C. Helps a vesicle bud from the endoplasmic membrane (ER) D. Recognizes the endoplasmic membrane (ER) signal sequence |
C. Helps a vesicle bud from the endoplasmic membrane (ER)
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43. The cell is the basic structural/functional unit common to all living organisms.
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TRUE
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44. Resolution, contrast, and magnification are three important parameters in microscopy.
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TRUE
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45. Fluorescence microscopy enables researchers to label and visualize a particular type of cellular protein or organelle.
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TRUE
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46. The flagellum is used for cell motility in eukaryotes only.
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FALSE
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47. All plant cells contain centrioles.
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FALSE
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48. The presence of a cell wall and chloroplasts are two features that distinguish a plant cell from an animal cell.
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TRUE
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49. The genome rather than proteome most specifically determines how a cell looks and functions.
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FALSE
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50. The glycocalyx is a protective coating that prevents bacteria from dehydration and potential destruction by the host organism.
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TRUE
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51. Myosin is a motor protein that walks along intermediate filaments.
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FALSE
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52. The flagellum is composed of a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules called the axoneme.
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TRUE
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53. The Golgi apparatus is much like a warehouse; it processes proteins and sorts them for delivery to certain parts of the cell.
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TRUE
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54. Materials move in and out of the nucleus via endocytosis and exocytosis.
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FALSE
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55. Both lysosomes and peroxisomes are important for detoxifying substances in the cell.
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FALSE
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56. Photosynthesis in plants occurs in chloroplasts.
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TRUE
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57. The Endosymbiosis Theory best describes the origins of peroxisomes in eukaryotes.
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FALSE
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58. In eukaryotes, most proteins contain short stretches of amino acid sequences called sorting signals which direct the protein to the correct cellular location.
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TRUE
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59. The first step in cotranslational sorting is the peptide is directed to the endoplasmic reticulum.
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TRUE
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