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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Transport and distribute blood throughouut the body
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Blood vessels
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5 main types of blood vessels
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Arteries
Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins |
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carry blood away from the heart to other organs/tissues
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arteries
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branch off from small arteries and enter tissue
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Arterioles
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tiny vessels that branch off from arterioles;allow exchange of substances between blood and tissues
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Capillaries
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Small veins created when capillaries re-unite
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Venules
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created by the merging of venules; carry blood BACK TOWARDS the heart
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Veins
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small blood vessels that serve the larger blood vessels
these need oxygen 7 nutrients like any other tissue |
Vaso Vasorum
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the growth of new blood vessles
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Angiogenesis
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Artery walls have three layers
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Tunica interna
Tunica media Tunica externa |
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sometimes called tunica intima innermost layer od Artery wall. Composed of emdothelium, basement membrane and elastic tissue
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Tunica interna
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middle layer of Artery wall. Thickest layer composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissue
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Tunica media
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Sometimes called tunica adventitia;outermost layer composed of elastic fibers & collagen
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Tunica externa
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Empty space in the middle where blood flows
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lumen
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The smooth muscle of the ? ? contains sympathetic neurons
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Tunica media
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When nervous stimulation increases, the smooth muscle contracts and the diameter of the artery decreases
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Vasoconstriction
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When nervous stimulation decreases, the smooth muscle relaxes, and the diameter of the artery increases
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Vasodilation
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If an artery or arteriole is damaged, ? occurs to limit blood flow, decreasing blood loss
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Vasoconstriction
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Large diameter arteries (>1cm) are ? ?
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elastic arteries
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Elastic arteries tunica media contains a high proprtion of ? ?
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elastic fibers
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? Help propel blood onward while the ventricles of the heart are relaxed
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Elastic arteries
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Medium diameter arteries are ? ?
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Muscular arteries
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Muscular arteries tunica media contains more ? ? ?
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Smooth muscle fibers
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Blood flow is determined by ? and ?
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vasoconstriction and vasodilation
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deliver blood from arteries to capillaries
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Arterioles
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Arterioles regulate ? which is the opposition to the blood flow
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resistance
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Vasoconstriction of arterioles leads to ? resistance; this ? blood flow to the capillaries
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Greater; decreases
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Vasodilation of arterioles leads to ? resisitance; This ? blood flow to capillaries
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Less; Increases
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Microscopic vessels that carry blood from arteriole to tissues and from tissues to venules
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Capillaries
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Found near almost every cell in the body
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Capillaries
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Number of ? in a given tissue varies with that tissue's metabolic needs
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capillaries
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High metabolic requirements = ? ? capillary network
Ex: kidneys, muscles, liver |
more extensive
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Capillaries are ? vessels
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Exchange
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Their main fuction is to exchange nutrients and wastes between blood and tissue cells
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Capillaries
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Composed of 2 layers, a layer of endothelial cells and a basement membrane
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Capillaries
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No tunica media(no smooth muscle and no tunica externa
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Capillaries
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endothelial cells forma continuos tubew/tiny intercellular clefts between them; these allow very small substances to leave and enter the capillaries Ex: oxygen, glucose, amino acids
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Continuous capillary
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Endothelial cells have small holes in them called fenestrations these allow larger substances to leave and enter the capillaries Ex: polypeptides(small proteins)
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Fenestrated capillary
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found in kidneys, small intestine, and some endocrine glands
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Fenestrated capillary
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endothelial cells have very large fenetrations and large intercellular clefts
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Sinusoid capillaries
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These allow even larger substances to leave and enter the capillaries
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Sinusoid capillaries
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These are found in red bone marrow, liver and other endocrine glands.
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Sinusoid capillaries
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Capillaries are arranged in netwroks of 10-100; this is a ? ?
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Capillary bed
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Normally blood flows as follows
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Artery>Arteriole>Capillary>Venule>Vein
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BUT in some parts of the body blood flows from one capillary bed to another: this is called a ? ?
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Portal system
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A ? ? system is used when something (like hormones) has to flow quickly from one area to another ex: Hypophyseal portal system between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
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portal system
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Capillaries re-unite to form venules; deliver blood from capillaries to veins
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Venules
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delivers blood back to the heart
Have the same 3 layers as arteries but with different thicknesses |
Veins
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In veins ? ? is the thickest not Tunica media
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Tunica externa
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Many veins have valves inside them to prevent the backflow of blood; ? never do
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arteries
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Vein's Valves are made of thin folds of ? ?
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tunica interna
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Valves that become leaky due to stress and inactivity. blood will pool and the vein will swell and become distended
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Varicose vein
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Bulging veins in the anal canal are called
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hemorrhoids
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Blood returns to the heart through the contraction of the muscles of the lower body. This is called the
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skeletal muscle pump
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Contraction of the ? ? ? milks the blood, or pushes it throught the valves
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Skeletal muscle pump
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The volume of blood flowing back to the heart through the veins of the body is ? ?
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Venous return
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When 2 or more vessels come together in the same region this is an ?
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anastomosis
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If blood flow is completely blocked to a tissue the tissue ?
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necrotizes(dies)
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? ? is necrosis of mnyocardium due to blockage of coronary vessels
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Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
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The volume of blood that flows through any tissue within a given time period is ??
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Blood flow
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blood flow is affected by ? and ?
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resistance and pressure
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blood flows from areas of ? pressure to areas of ? pressure
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higher; lower
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? ? is the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of a vessel
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Blood pressure
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? ? pressure during systole or contraction of the ventricles' highest pressure attained in the arteries
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Systolic pressure
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? ? pressure during the diastols, or relaxation of the ventricles; this is the lowest pressure attained in the arteries
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Diastolic pressure
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Blood pressure =
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(systolic BP/diastolic BP)
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measured in ?, millimeters of mercury( a unit of pressure)
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mmHg
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a healthy adult has a blood pressure of
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~110/70
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Blood pressure is measure dusing a ? and a ?
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sphygmomanometer and a stethescope
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Cuff is placed around the brachial artery and inflated until ~##mmHg
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~30mmHg
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Cuff is deflated and blood is rushing through the open artery
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Systole
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Cuff is deflated until blood is last heard
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Diastole
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? is the opposition to blood flow
this is due to friction between the blood and the vessel wall |
Resistance
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Resistance depends on 3 factors
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Size of the lumen
Blood viscosity Length of blood vessel |
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smaller lumen =
vasoconstriction of the arterioles |
greater resistance
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Higher viscosity(thickness) =
Dehydration or an increase in RBC's |
Greater resistance
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Longer blood vessel =
Overweight people have more blood vessels |
Greater resistance
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In over weight people...
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Over time, greater resistance will lead to higher blood pressure
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Cuff is deflated and blood is rushing through the open artery
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Systole
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Cuff is deflated until blood is last heard
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Diastole
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? is the opposition to blood flow
this is due to friction between the blood and the vessel wall |
Resistance
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Resistance depends on 3 factors
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Size of the lumen
Blood viscosity Length of blood vessel |
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smaller lumen =
vasoconstriction of the arterioles |
greater resistance
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Higher viscosity(thickness) =
Dehydration or an increase in RBC's |
Greater resistance
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Longer blood vessel =
Overweight people have more blood vessels |
Greater resistance
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In over weight people...
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Over time, greater resistance will lead to higher blood pressure
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