Describe Blood Vessels 3 Blood Vessel Functions List 3 major types of blood vesselsHow many miles do the blood vessels in the body make?

Dynamic not rigid structuresPulsate, constrict and relax arteries, capillaries and veins 60,000

What is the function of arteries?What are small arteries called?Do they merge or branch?

carry blood away from the heartarteriolesbranch

What is the function of veins? What are small veins called?Do they merge or branch?

carry blood toward the heartvenulesmerge

What are capillaries?What occurs here?

microscopic blood vessels molecules exchange between bloodand tissue fluid

Name the three layers that make up the walls of arteries and veins.What are lumen?Which type of blood vessel contains only endothelium?What do veins in the limbs contain?

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externacentral blood-filled space of a vessel capillaries valves

Which layer of the artery and vein walls is circularly arranged to form sheets of smooth muscle?What type of tissues make it up?

tunica mediasmooth muscle and elastic fibers

What two actions occur in the tunica media?

Contraction – vasoconstriction Relaxation – vasodilation

Give 3 examples of MAJOR elastic arteries.Where are the largest arteries?(BLANK) contain large amounts of elastic fibersList 3 functions of arteries.

aorta, pulmonary trunk, and their branchesclosest to the hearttunica mediaExpand to receive blood duringsystole, Recoil during diastole, Helpmaintain blood flow

List 6 types of elastic arteries.

L+R common iliacsL+R common carotidsL+R SubclavianBrachiocephalic TrunkAortaPulmonary arteries

What are medium sized arteries referred as?Describe their tunica media.Are the most named arteries small, medium, or large?List 2 characteristics.

distributing arteriescontains less elastin, more smooth musclemediumCapable of greatervasoconstriction and vasodilation Distribute blood to organs/bodyregions according to the need

What are the smallest arteries called?Describe their tunica mediaList 3 characteristics

arteriolesHas only 1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle cellsCapable of the greatestvasoconstriction andvasodilation Important in regulation ofblood pressure Control blood distributioninto capillary networks oforgans and tissues

What are capillaries?What wall layers do they contain?What occurs in capillaries?In what parts of the body are there no capillaries?

microscopic blood vessels tunica intima (endothelium) ONLYgas, nutrient, and waste exchange with surrounding tissuecornea, lens, epidermis, cartilage

What are the most common type of capillaries?Describe their walls.Where can they be found?

Continuous capillariesNo interruptions in their wallsskin, muscles, lungs, CNS: especially tight blood-brain barrier

What type of capillaries have pores in their walls?Where can this type of capillary be found?

Fenestratedintestines, endocrine glands,kidneys (sites of great secretion orabsorption)

Describe sinusoid capillariesWhere can this type of capillary be found?

Discontinuous wall (has holes), larger in diameterin liver,spleen and bone marrow (production orrecycling of blood cells)

Capillary bed begin with precapillary sphinctersWhat is the function of this structure?

to regulate the flow of bloodto tissues according toneed

Describe the pressure, lumen, and walls of veins.List 2 vein functionsWhat do veins in the limbs contain?What are venules?What do they do?

low blood pressure, large lumen, thin wallsrepository of blood (hold 65% of blood at any given time)move blood from capillaries toward the heart valves smallest veinsjoin or merge to form veins

What is a difference between veins and arteries?

Veins have larger lumens and thinner walls

What helps blood return to the heart through the vein?

Pressure difference: low pressure between venules and no pressure in right ventricle Skeletal muscle pump: helped by valves, especially found in limbs, basically milks or squeezes the vein to help blood flowRespiratory Pump: duringinspiration diaphragm moves down, which leads to decrease inpressure in the thoracic cavity andincrease in pressure in theabdominal cavity

Blood Vessels_front_text_22

1. Superior Vena cava2.Right Pulmonary Artery3.Aorta4. Pulmonary trunk5.Right Pulmonary Veins6. Inferior vena cava7 Aortic Arch

Name the 9 arteries that are involved in the upper limb.

Brachiocephalic trunkR+L subclavian arteriesCommon coratidsBrachial arteryulnar arteryradial artery descending aortaaxillary artery

Name the 5 major arteries that supply the brain.

vertebral arteryinternal carotid arterycommon carotid arterysubclavian arteryBasillar artery

In the brain, where does vascular anastomosis occur?Where else in the body does it occur?What is it?2 functions

"Circle of Willis" Cerebral Arterial Circleheart, abdominal organs, around movable jointsCommunication between neighboring blood vessels Provide alternative pathways forblood supply to important organsor parts Cerebral arterial circle combinesblood flow supplied by vertebralarteries and by internal carotidarteries.

Most veins run withcompanion arteries ofthe same name: What are some exceptions?

Jugular veins– in theneck:Internal jugular veinsrun with carotidarteriesSuperior and inferiorvena cava run next toaorta

Name the MAJOR 8 veins in systematic circulation

dural venous sinusesinternal jugular veinsubclavian veinright and left brachiocephalic v.vsuperior and inferior vena cavacommon iliac vein

What is the function of dural venous sinuses?What are the lined with?Where do the lie?Where do they eventually end?

drain most blood from brainendotheliumBetween 2 layers of dura materinternal jugular veins

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Blood Vessels

Blood Vessels

by eliz724, Nov. 2015

Subjects: Anatomy

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	Describe Blood Vessels 3 Blood Vessel Functions List 3 major types of blood vessels How many miles do the blood vessels in the body make?	Dynamic not rigid structures Pulsate, constrict and relax arteries, capillaries and veins 60,000
	What is the function of arteries? What are small arteries called? Do they merge or branch?	carry blood away from the heart arterioles branch
	What is the function of veins? What are small veins called? Do they merge or branch?	carry blood toward the heart venules merge
	What are capillaries? What occurs here?	microscopic blood vessels molecules exchange between bloodand tissue fluid
	Name the three layers that make up the walls of arteries and veins. What are lumen? Which type of blood vessel contains only endothelium? What do veins in the limbs contain?	tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa central blood-filled space of a vessel capillaries valves
	Which layer of the artery and vein walls is soley composed of endothelium and is continuous with the heart's endocardium?	tunica intima
	Which layer of the artery and vein walls is soley connective tissue (collagen fibers) ?	tunica externa
	Which layer of the artery and vein walls is circularly arranged to form sheets of smooth muscle? What type of tissues make it up?	tunica media smooth muscle and elastic fibers
	What two actions occur in the tunica media?	Contraction – vasoconstriction Relaxation – vasodilation
	Give 3 examples of MAJOR elastic arteries. Where are the largest arteries? (BLANK) contain large amounts of elastic fibers List 3 functions of arteries.	aorta, pulmonary trunk, and their branches closest to the heart tunica media Expand to receive blood duringsystole, Recoil during diastole, Helpmaintain blood flow
	List 6 types of elastic arteries.	L+R common iliacs L+R common carotids L+R Subclavian Brachiocephalic Trunk Aorta Pulmonary arteries
	What are medium sized arteries referred as? Describe their tunica media. Are the most named arteries small, medium, or large? List 2 characteristics.	distributing arteries contains less elastin, more smooth muscle medium Capable of greatervasoconstriction and vasodilation Distribute blood to organs/bodyregions according to the need
	What are the smallest arteries called? Describe their tunica media List 3 characteristics	arterioles Has only 1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle cells Capable of the greatestvasoconstriction andvasodilation Important in regulation ofblood pressure Control blood distributioninto capillary networks oforgans and tissues
	What are capillaries? What wall layers do they contain? What occurs in capillaries? In what parts of the body are there no capillaries?	microscopic blood vessels tunica intima (endothelium) ONLY gas, nutrient, and waste exchange with surrounding tissue cornea, lens, epidermis, cartilage
	What are the most common type of capillaries? Describe their walls. Where can they be found?	Continuous capillaries No interruptions in their walls skin, muscles, lungs, CNS: especially tight blood-brain barrier
	What type of capillaries have pores in their walls? Where can this type of capillary be found?	Fenestrated intestines, endocrine glands,kidneys (sites of great secretion orabsorption)
	Describe sinusoid capillaries Where can this type of capillary be found?	Discontinuous wall (has holes), larger in diameter in liver,spleen and bone marrow (production orrecycling of blood cells)
	Capillary bed begin with precapillary sphincters What is the function of this structure?	to regulate the flow of bloodto tissues according toneed
	Describe the pressure, lumen, and walls of veins. List 2 vein functions What do veins in the limbs contain? What are venules? What do they do?	low blood pressure, large lumen, thin walls repository of blood (hold 65% of blood at any given time) move blood from capillaries toward the heart valves smallest veins join or merge to form veins
	What is a difference between veins and arteries?	Veins have larger lumens and thinner walls
	What helps blood return to the heart through the vein?	Pressure difference: low pressure between venules and no pressure in right ventricle Skeletal muscle pump: helped by valves, especially found in limbs, basically milks or squeezes the vein to help blood flow Respiratory Pump: duringinspiration diaphragm moves down, which leads to decrease inpressure in the thoracic cavity andincrease in pressure in theabdominal cavity
		1. Superior Vena cava 2.Right Pulmonary Artery 3.Aorta 4. Pulmonary trunk 5.Right Pulmonary Veins 6. Inferior vena cava 7 Aortic Arch
	Name the 9 arteries that are involved in the upper limb.	Brachiocephalic trunk R+L subclavian arteries Common coratids Brachial artery ulnar artery radial artery descending aorta axillary artery
	Name the 5 major arteries that supply the brain.	vertebral artery internal carotid artery common carotid artery subclavian artery Basillar artery
	In the brain, where does vascular anastomosis occur? Where else in the body does it occur? What is it? 2 functions	"Circle of Willis" Cerebral Arterial Circle heart, abdominal organs, around movable joints Communication between neighboring blood vessels Provide alternative pathways forblood supply to important organsor parts Cerebral arterial circle combinesblood flow supplied by vertebralarteries and by internal carotidarteries.
	Most veins run withcompanion arteries ofthe same name: What are some exceptions?	Jugular veins– in theneck: Internal jugular veinsrun with carotidarteriesSuperior and inferiorvena cava run next toaorta
	Name the MAJOR 8 veins in systematic circulation	dural venous sinuses internal jugular vein subclavian vein right and left brachiocephalic v.v superior and inferior vena cava common iliac vein
	What is the function of dural venous sinuses? What are the lined with? Where do the lie? Where do they eventually end?	drain most blood from brain endothelium Between 2 layers of dura mater internal jugular veins

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