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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's the way that RBC are prepared?
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1. Get blood from person
2. Spin down the blood 3. Take off the plasma 4. Save the concentrate |
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How long can RBCs be stored?
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45 days
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How long can plasma be stored?
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At -20, 1 year
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What is found in cryoprecipitate?
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High MW VWF
Fibrinogen Factor VIII |
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How is cryoprecipitate formed?
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Thaw plasma in the cold
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How do you manufacture platelets?
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1. Centrifuge the platelet rich plasma
2. Take off the supernatant, you've got platelets There's not enough here for 1 person, so you need to combine 4-5 units to get enough for it to be useful |
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What are some different diseases that are tested for in blood?
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HepB
HepC Trypanosoma HIV HCV West nile virus |
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What are the adverse effects of blood donation?
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Iron deficiency
Hematoma Pain at phlebotomy site Syncope |
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How long is it between times that you can donate blood?
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52 days
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What are the componenets derived from whole blood?
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RBCs
Platelet concentrate FFP Cryoprecipitate |
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What are the storage changes in RBCs?
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Hemolysis
K+ leakage Decreased DPG |
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How long can you keep thawed plasma in the fridge?
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5 days
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Where do you store platelets?
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Room temperature
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What's the problem with platelet storage?
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Activation
-P-selectin expression -CD40L release Granule release -B-thromboglobulin -CCL5, CXCL4, CXCL7 Lectin mediated clearance |
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What kinds of red cell antibodies are there?
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Naturally occurring
Secondary to exposure Autoantibodies |
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What are the different kinds of leukocyte antibodies?
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HLA
HNA Autoantibodies |
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How do you detect red cell antibodies?
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Direct agglutination
Indirect antiglobulin test Direct antiglobulin test |
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What are you testing for with red cell direct agglutionation?
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IgM antibodies
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What are you testing for with red cell indirect antiglobulin test?
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IgG antibodies
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What are you testing for with red cell direct antiglobulin test?
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IgG or C3 coated cells
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How do you do an indirect antiglobulin test? What are you looking for?
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1. Patient serum with Ab
2. Mix serum with RBCs of known phenotype 3. Wash 4. Apply anti-IgG to serum If you get a reaction, there are patient IgG antibodies against that kind of cell |
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How do you do a direct antibody antiglobulin test?
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1. Take patients cells with the stuff already on it
2. Use anticomplement, anti IgG Reaction, there are already the complement/IgG on the body |
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What are the applications of the direct antiglobulin test?
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Autoimmune hemolytic anemias
Transfusion reactions Drug-induced hemolysis Cold agglutinin disease Autoimmune diseases |
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What are tests that you do before transfusing?
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ABO typing:
-A and b antigen tests -Anti-A and Anti-B antibody test Rh(D) typing Red cell antibody screen |
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What are causes of blood typing discrepancies?
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Transplantation
Bone marrow problems/cancers Neonates (<4 months) Infections We just need to know that there are different reasons that blood can't work! |
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How do you go about selecting compatible blood?
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ABO type
Rh type Cross match |
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What population do you really want to give Rh negatve blood to?
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Women of child bearing potential
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What are indications for a RBC transfusion?
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Symptomatic anemia
Bleeding more than 1L Chronic hypoproliferative anemia Hemolytic anemia (sickle cell in particular) Uremic bleeding |
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Based on the FOCUS and TRICC study, what are the differences between transfusing and not transfusing?
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There's really not a difference
There is evidence that the restricted transfusion strategy is better!!! |
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What level of hematocrit indicates transfusion?
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24%
Patient usually has other symptoms |
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What are indications for platelet transfusion?
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Hemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia
Hemorrhage due to platelet dysfunction Hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia with risk of hemorrhage (<10,000/uL) Thrombocytopenia (<50,000/uL) with bleeding or invasive procedure |
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What are contraindications to platelet transfusion?
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Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia |
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What are indications for plasma transfusion?
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Multifactor coagulation factor deficiency
DIC Reversal of warfarin anticoagulation Massive transfusion Hemorrhage in liver disease Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura |
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If a trauma comes in and they're bleeding out, how do you manage blood componenets?
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Aggressively.
Better outcomes if you transfuse platelets and plasma aggressively. |
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What are indications for cryoprecipitate transfusion?
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Factor VIII deficiency
von Willebrand's disease Hypofibrinogenemia Factor VIII deficiency Uremic bleeding |
