Block 4 Histology Md 1 Respiratory 1 Part A

Front 1

-Describe features of Cystic Fibrosis as an autosomal recessive genetic disorder causing a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease involving a defective Chloride channel protein

Back 1

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Front 2

-Describe emphysema and pneumonia

Back 2

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Front 3

-Describe Chronic smoking as an inducer of the transformation of respiratory epithelium into a stratified squamous epithelium, an initial step in its eventual transformation into a tumor

Back 3

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Front 4

-Describe the use of Epinephrine and other sympathomimetic drugs to relax smooth muscle during asthma attacks

Back 4

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Front 5

Divisions of Respiratory Tract

Back 5

Anatomically:
Functionally:

Hint 5

Anatomically:
the Upper Respiratory Tract (U R T)
the Lower Respiratory Tract (L R T)

Functionally:
Conducting passages
Transitional zone
Sites of Gaseous exchange

Front 6

Anatomically:


<Divisions of Respiratory Tract

Back 6

the Upper Respiratory Tract (U R T)
the Lower Respiratory Tract (L R T)

Front 7

Functionally

<Divisions of Respiratory Tract

Back 7

Conducting passages
Transitional zone
Sites of Gaseous exchange

Front 8

Functions of the Respiratory System

Back 8

-Conditioning of air (filteration, temperature adjustment and humidification).
-Olfaction
Phonation (production of sound)
-Gas exchange
-Metabolism- air and blood-borne compounds
-Defense-immune system

Front 9

The basic structural feature of the functional epithelium is the =

Sites of Gaseous Exchange:

Back 9

extraordinary reduction of the tissue mass to extremely thin and extensive sheets so that the functional components, air and blood are its major constituents and are brought into very intimate and extensive contact.

Front 10

Typical Respiratory Epithelium

LM:

Back 10

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with Goblet cells

(Typical Respiratory Epithelium).

Front 11

Three types of cells are identifiable

Typical Respiratory Epithelium

Back 11

Columnar ciliated
Goblet cells
Basal cells

Front 12

EM: 6 cell types

Typical Respiratory Epithelium

Back 12

Ciliated columnar cells
Mucous goblet cells
Brush Cells
other Brush cells
Basal cells
Small granule cells

Hint 12

| | | | | |

Mucous
Ciliated
Basal
Small
Brush
other Brush

Front 13

Ciliated columnar cells:


Typical Respiratory Epithelium

Back 13

Most abundant
~ 300 cilia per cell
Mitochondria below apical surface

Hint 13

Front 14

Goblet cells:

Typical Respiratory Epithelium

Back 14

Secretion of mucous
Complement of the mucous glands
Dissolve several substances (O3, SO2)
Proliferate with chronic exposure to irritants.

Hint 14

Front 15

Most abundant
~ 300 cilia per cell
Mitochondria below apical surface

what cells =

Back 15

Ciliated columnar cells:

Front 16

Brush cells have numerous microvilli on their apical surface. Brush cells have _______ nerve endings on their basal surfaces and are considered to be sensory receptors.

Back 16

afferent

no Q about brush cells

Front 17

Small granule cells

Back 17

diffuse neuroendocrine system

pic

Hint 17

Front 18

main function of the typical respiratory epithelium is =


Typical Respiratory Epithelium

Back 18

mucus layer by ciliary action (Mucociliary escalator).

Front 19

***
Kartagener’s syndrome aka =

Back 19

Immotile cilia syndrome

deficiency of dynein

causes what =
2ct

Hint 19

causes infertility in men

chronic respiratory tract infections in both sexes

Front 20

Mucociliary Escalator

Back 20

Sol layer (Periciliary fluid)

Hint 20

Mucous (gel) phase (superficial)

Front 21

Changes in the character of Respiratory Epithelium =
5ct

Back 21

-Pseudostratified columnar ciliated
to
-Simple columnar ciliated
to
-Simple cuboidal ciliated
to
-Simple cuboidal nonciliated
to
-Simple squamous

Hint 21

Front 22

In the regions exposed to direct air flow or physical abrasion (wear & tear) the respiratory epithelium changes to

Back 22

stratified squamous non-keratinizing type e.g.
3ct

Hint 22

pharynx,
epiglottis
vocal cords.

Front 23

In smokers, the proportion of ciliated cells to =

Back 23

goblet cells is altered.

Hint 23

Clinical Note:

If air currents are changed, the affected area changes from typical respiratory epithelium to stratified squamous.

In smokers, the proportion of ciliated cells to goblet cells is altered.

Front 24

Nasal Cavities are divided into:


Upper Respiratory Tract

Back 24

1 Vestibule
2 Nasal fossae
Respiratory segment
Olfactory segment

Hint 24

Front 25

Vestibule:
Anterior & dilated portion of the nasal cavity
Within nares epithelium changes into =

Upper Respiratory Tract

Back 25

non-keratinizing stratified squamous.

Front 26

Vestibule:
Anterior & dilated portion of the nasal cavity
Outer skin =

Upper Respiratory Tract

Back 26

stratified squamous keratinizing

Front 27

Around nares (nostrils) are numerous
_______ & ____________ glands

Back 27

sebaceous
sweat glands

also have thick short hairs called =

Hint 27

vibrissae

Front 28

Nasal Fossae:


Upper Respiratory Tract

Back 28

Outside nares =

Within nares epithelium =

Nasal Fossae:=

Hint 28

Outer skin stratified squamous keratinizing

non-keratinizing stratified squamous.

changes to pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells

Epithelium lies upon a basal lamina and is supported by connective tissue layer,

lamina propria
contains
tubuloalveolar glands

Lamina propria contains small collections of lymphatic tissue.

Lamina propria lies on the periosteum or perichondrium thus forming mucoperiosteum or mucoperichondrium

Front 29

Nasal cavity is divided by a septum.
Extending from the lateral walls are 3
bony shelf like projections known as
=

Back 29

chonchae

covered by =

Hint 29

mucoperiosteum

Front 30

Nasal Cavity:
mucoperiosteum
describe =

Back 30

Superior-
Middle-
Inferior-

Hint 30

Superior- covered by olfactory & Resp. epithelium

Middle- covered by Resp. epi

Inferior- covered by Resp. epi

Front 31

*Swell Bodies =

Back 31

superficial plexus of large thin walled vessels called =

Hint 31

cavernous
or
erectile tissue,

common site of nose bleed.

Front 32

Inferior concha

Back 32

Mucoperiosteum
Epithelium
Lamina propria
Bone

Hint 32

Front 33

Olfactory Epithelium

Specialized area of nasal epithelium on dorsal surface of nasal passage

Type of Epithelium

Back 33

Pseudostratified columnar
ciliated epithelium w
3 cell types =

______ cells are not found here =
______bodies are not present =

Hint 33

Olfactory receptor neurons with axons projecting to olfactory bulb
Supporting cells
Basal cells


goblet cells
Swell bodies are not present.

Front 34

Olfactory Epithelium

_____ _____ layer contain

Back 34

Lamina propria

what glands

Hint 34

serous glands aka=

Bowman’s glands