Biology U5 L04 - Digestive System

Front 1

Name the organs of the digestive system in the order in which food passes through them.

Back 1

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

Front 2

Which enzymes act on proteins?

Back 2

Proteins are broken down in the stomach by pepsin and in the small intestine by trypsin and peptidases.

Front 3

How do villi of the small intestine increase the rate of nutrient absorption?

Back 3

By increasing the total surface area, villi increase absorption rates.

Front 4

What role does the pancreas play in digestion?

Back 4

The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes, which break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Front 5

How would chronic diarrhea affect homeostasis of the body?

Back 5

Diarrhea has a high water content. Chronic diarrhea can result in dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Fluids and electrolytes must be restored by drinking water and liquids that contain electrolytes regularly.

Front 6

digestive enzyme found in saliva and pancreatic juices; breaks down starch

Back 6

amylase

Front 7

muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach; moves food by peristalsis.

Back 7

esophagus

Front 8

series of involuntary smooth muscle contractions along the walls of the digestive tract that move food through the digestive tract.

Back 8

peristalsis

Front 9

flap of cartilage that closes over the opening of the respiratory tract during swallowing; prevents food from entering the respiratory tract.

Back 9

epiglottis

Front 10

muscular, pouchlike enlargement of the digestive tract where chemical and physical digestion take place.

Back 10

stomach

Front 11

enzyme found in gastric juices; begins the chemical digestion of proteins in food; most effective in acidic environments.

Back 11

pepsin

Front 12

muscular tube about 6 m long where digestion is completed; connects the stomach and the large intestine.

Back 12

small intestine

Front 13

soft, flattened gland that secretes digestive enzymes and hormones; products help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Back 13

pancreas

Front 14

large, complex organ of the digestive system that produces many chemicals for digestion, including bile.

Back 14

liver

Front 15

chemical substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that helps break down fats during digestion.

Back 15

bile

Front 16

small organ that stores bile before the bile passes into the duodenum of the small intestine.

Back 16

gallbladder

Front 17

single projection on the lining of the small intestine that functions in the absorption of digested food

Back 17

villus

Front 18

muscular tube through which indigestible materials are passed to the rectum for excretion.

Back 18

large intestine

Front 19

last part of the digestive system through which feces passes before it exits the body through the anus

Back 19

rectum

Front 20

What are the three functions of the digestive system?

Back 20

Digest food, absorb nutrients, eliminate wastes

Front 21

How do enzymes help in digestion?

Back 21

Enzymes break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules.