Biology_Lab Exam 1

Front 1

Variables that are kept constant during the experiements are called

Back 1

controlled

Front 2

tentitive explanation for an observation

Back 2

hypothesis

Front 3

what the investigator varies in the experiment

Back 3

independent

Front 4

process used to measure dependent variable

Back 4

procedure

Front 5

appropriate values to use for the independent variable

Back 5

level of treatment

Front 6

treatment that eliminates the independent variable or sets it at a standard value

Back 6

control

Front 7

what the investigator measures, counts, or records; what is being affected in the experiment

Back 7

dependent variable

Front 8

number of times the experiment is repeated

Back 8

repetition

Front 9

statement of the expected results of an experiment based on hypothesis

Back 9

prediction

Front 10

Describe two types of materials or observations that would necessitate the use of the stereoscopic microscope

Back 10

if the object is really large and will not transmit light

Front 11

What characteristics do all eukaryotic cells have in common

Back 11

membrane bound organelles; DNA in the nucleus

Front 12

what cellular features differentiate plants from animals

Back 12

Plants: cell wall; central vacuole; chloroplasts, Animals: centrioles; lysosomes; centrosomes

Front 13

how are the structures athat are unique to plants important to their success

Back 13

cell wall prevents excessive uptake of water; chloroplasts transform light energy into sugar; central vacuole, growth, storage

Front 14

what is the difference between colonial and multicellular organisms

Back 14

colonial: unicellular organisms living together; multicellular: individual cells with specific function cannot live on their own

Front 15

Benedict's Reagent

Back 15

Test for presence of reducing sugar

Front 16

Benedict's Reagent: Green, Orange, Orange-Red

Back 16

Reducing sugar is present

Front 17

Benedict's Reagent: Blue

Back 17

No reducing sugar is present. Normal color of Benedict's reagent

Front 18

Iodine

Back 18

Turns purple or black if starch is present

Front 19

What adaptations for osmoregulation are found in single-celled organisms, such as the Amoeba and multicellular organisms that lack cell walls but live in a hypotonic environment?

Back 19

They have intracellular tonicity that is nearly isotonic to water and maintained via a contractile vacuole.

Front 20

PTU non-competitive or competitive?

Back 20

PTU is a non-competitive inhibitor

Front 21

catechol is converted to

Back 21

benzoquinone (a pigment product) + H2O; -(its what makes fruits and vegetables darker after exposure to air)

Front 22

Amylase breaks down what?

Back 22

amylose, a major component of starch, into maltose

Front 23

Total magnification

Back 23

ocular x objective

Front 24

Unicellular

Back 24

amoeba e.g.

Front 25

Aggregate

Back 25

clumps of unicellular organisms

Front 26

Colonial

Back 26

unicellular organism, living together, often in specific numbers

Front 27

multicellular

Back 27

cells specialized; individual cells cannot live on their own

Front 28

unicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic, protist

Back 28

amoeba, trichonympha

Front 29

aggregate, autotrophic, eukaryotic, protist

Back 29

protococcus (small green balls in clumps)

Front 30

colonial, autotrophic, eukaryotic, protist

Back 30

scenedesmus "alga" (four chambers)

Front 31

multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryotic, protist

Back 31

volvox (trippy sphere of green spheres)

Front 32

multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryotic, plant

Back 32

Elodea (leaf with classic cell wall structure)

Front 33

multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic, animal

Back 33

epithelial cells (boring cheek cells)

Front 34

unicellular, mixotroph, eukaryotic, protist

Back 34

Euglena (fast movers?)

Front 35

unicellular, heterotroph, eukaryotic, protist

Back 35

Paramecium

Front 36

Enzyme assay for starch activity tested what?

Back 36

disappearance of substrate, NOT production of product

Front 37

Zero to Zero (transmittance)

Back 37

Calibrate to 100% (transmittance)

Front 38

Filters that permit photosynthesis

Back 38

Clear, red, blue

Front 39

Filters that inhibit photosynthesis

Back 39

black, green

Front 40

Chromatography paper

Back 40

polar (charged) and made of cellulose

Front 41

Solvent in chromatography experiment polarity?

Back 41

non-polar

Front 42

Chromatography results

Back 42

paper is very polar, so the most polar pigments will move slowest along the paper. non-polar pigments will rise to top

Front 43

Pigment polarity

Back 43

Chlorophyll B, Chlorophyll A, Xanthophyll, Beta Carotene

Front 44

Absorption Spectrum

Back 44

absorption pattern for a particular PIGMENT

Front 45

Action Spectrum

Back 45

efficacy of various wavelengths of LIGHT

Front 46

What are the main groups (kingdoms) of Eukarya?

Back 46

Eukarya (Plantae, Animalia, Fungi)

Front 47

What taxonomic groups (domains) include prokaryotes

Back 47

Bacteria, Archae

Front 48

DKPCOFGS

Back 48

DKPCOFGS

Front 49

(__) between species reflect our common ancestry.

Back 49

Similarities (Unity and Diversity of Life)

Front 50

(__) between species reflect changes due to evolution

Back 50

Differences (Unity and Diversity of Life)

Front 51

Question and Hypothesis (5)

Back 51

1. Well defined, 2. measureable, 3. reasonable, 4. consistent with existing bodies of knowledge, 5. falsifiable

Front 52

Procedure (3)

Back 52

1. Level of treatment, 2. Control, 3. Replication

Front 53

theory

Back 53

BROAD in scope, GENERAL enough to support new hypotheses, LARGE body of evidence

Front 54

3 main parts of a nucleotide

Back 54

1) a five carbon ribose sugar, 2) a phosphate molecule and 3) one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine or uracil

Front 55

Parfocal

Back 55

lens that stays in focus when magnification/focal length changes

Front 56

Depth of field

Back 56

thickness of a specimen that may be seen in focus at one time

Front 57

Estimating sizes based on magnification

Back 57

4x=4mm, 10x=2mm, 40x=1mm

Front 58

What two functional groups are contained in all amino acids?

Back 58

Amine (NH2)

Carboxylic Acid (-COOH)

Front 59

What does Radical stand for?

Back 59

Additional functional group that changes the amino acid general structure into select amino acids.

Front 60

What products are produced during a peptide bond formation?

Back 60

Hydrogen and Oxygen forming H20 via dehydration synthesis.

Front 61

Action spectrum

Back 61

action spectrum measurement of WHOLE ACTIVITY OF AN ORGANISM in response to light

Front 62

Components of a nucleotide

Back 62

1. Five Carbon Sugar

2. Ribose or Deoxyribose (deoxyribose no hydroxyl group)

3. Phosphate Group

Front 63

Hydroxyl

Back 63

HydroPILIC
Polar
Found on sugars and alcohol
Hydrogen bonds with water
–OH

Front 64

Carboxyl

Back 64

HydroPHILIC
Polar
Organic ACID because will lose hydrogen ion in water

Front 65

Amino group

Back 65

HydroPHILIC
Polar
Acts as base, REMOVES H+ ions from solution

Front 66

Phosphate Group

Back 66

HYDROPHILIC
Polar
Reactive with water
release energy
negatively charged
Found on ATP and DNA

Front 67

Methyl

Back 67

HydroPHOBIC
non–polar
Carbon – Hydrogen bonds therefore non–polar

Front 68

What three components make a Nucleotide?

Back 68

1. Phosphate

2. Pentose Sugar (Dioxyribose or ribose)

3. Nitrogenous Base (ATCG_U)

Front 69

Sucrose is?

Back 69

Glucose and Fructose

Front 70

Starch is?

Back 70

Glucose and glucose and glucose and glucose

amylose is a form of starch, broken down by amylase in the presence of oxygen