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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do Enzymes to the activation energy |
Enzyme decreases the activation energy but does not change the ∆G. |
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Factors of cell that usually regulates |
1. More substrate= More concentration 2. Competitive inhibitor= Blocks active site 3. Allosteric inhibitor=Affects conformation of enzymes |
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Factors of cell that usually doesn't regulate |
1. Temperature=increases kinetic energy until denaturing occurs 2. pH=Denature, which changes N-C interaction which ultimately changes the structure of the protein 3. Mutations=change in folding of proteins |
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Genome |
Genetic material transmitted from parent to offspring (order of bases along a DNA molecule is the sequence) |
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Genes |
are made of DNA and is a small piece of a genome |
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The bigger the genome... |
More genes allow bacteria synthesizing small molecules or use chemical energy from covalent bonds |
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3 cycles in DNA replication |
Denaturation (heating a substance beyond optimal temperature so that the hydrogen bonds break between complementary bases) Annealing (primers anneal to their complementary sequence of DNA strands) and Extension (extend primers done by DNA polymerase) |
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Strands in a DNA Molecule are |
anti parallel (due to their directionality) and complementary |
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Decoy ribonucleic acid is used for |
Transmission and storage of information |
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The purpose of PCR |
To make as many copies at it needs of a targeted DNA sequence. |
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Genotype |
A set of Genes in our DNA that is responsible for our particular traits |
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Phenotype |
Physical expression or characteristic of that trait |
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The Size of the Genome is determined.... |
By the number of base pairs |
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Muscle cells make different proteins than nerve cells because they have different sequences of DNA |
False. All cells have identical DNA. However, different cells will express different portions of the same DNA |
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State that eukaryotic RNA needs the removal of introns to form mature mRNA |
Introns are non coding sequences and needs to be removed by a term called splicing. Removal of exons (expressed) however can generate different polypeptides/mRNA transcripts |
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How do you read mRNA |
From the 5' to the 3' |
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RNA is involved in which of the following cellular processes? |
DNA replication, transcription, and translation |
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A polymerization reaction is made irreversible by: |
hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate group into two inorganic phosphates |
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Which of the following mRNA modifications are common in human cells? |
5' cap addition, intron removal and exon joining , 3' poly-A tail addition and alternative splicing |
