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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the five steps that make the Scientific Process
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Observations, "non-trivial" question, hypotheses, predictions, and test the prediction (the prediction is either tested true or rejected).
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List the six major themes in biology.
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1. The chemical nature of living things
2. Flow of energy through biological systems 3. Structure and organization of living things 4. Flow, expansion, and modification of genetic information 5. Centeral paradigm of biology: Evolution through natural selection 6. The ecology of the biosphere |
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Define taxonomy
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The classification of organisms. (KPCOFGS & Common Name) Also important is the shared common descent.
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Who is Carolus Linnaeus?
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He is the swedish naturalist who developed the modern system of classification.
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How many amino acids are there in the Universe?
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20
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What is an isotope?
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An isotope is the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
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What type of bond does water have?
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Hydrogen bond
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Define Hydrocarbon?
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Only carbons bonded to hydrogen.
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Define Isomers?
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Same molecular formula but dfferent structure
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What is the structure of a monosaccharide
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there are 3-7 carbons
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Disaccharide
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composed of two monomers
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Hydrolosis
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Splitting apart a with the addition of water
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RNA
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Ribonucleic Acid
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DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic acid
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What are the five most common occuring elements in the universe?
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O, C, N, H, He
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Name the four organic compounds and one inorganic compound.
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Inorganic:
Water Organic: Carbohydrates Lipids (fats) Nucleic Acids Proteins |
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Understand the pH Scale
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Acids are lower than 7
7 is neutral Bases are higher than 7 |
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What is ATP and what is it used for?
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(Adenosine triphosphate) Is the energy that is required for many chemical reactions such as division of cells and replication of DNA.
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Describe a closed system vs. and open system
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Closed: No matter is exchanged with outside enviroment (Think Thermos)
Open: Systems exchange matter with outside enviroment (Think Cells) |
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First law of thermal dynamics
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Total energy remains the same. Transformations may occur but energy remains the same.
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Second law of thermal dynamics
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Heat can only be transfered from hold objects to cold objects. Free Energy is minimized and entropy is maximized
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Entropy
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The measure of the degree of disorder
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Free energy
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a system that has a capacity to do work at a constent temprature and pressure.
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what is the unit for heat?
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calorie
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What is a cataylst?
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Any inorganic substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being consumed in the reaction.
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What is an enzyme and how is it different from a cataylst?
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An enzyme is organic cataylst that is usually a protein. It is also more powerful, display evoluntionary plasticity, and highly specific
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What do cataylsts not alter?
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They do not alter the direction of the reaction, the final equilibrium point of the reaction, and amount of free energy change of the reaction.
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