Biol 153

Front 1

Name the directional references.

Back 1

Superior (head), Inferior (bottom half), Cranial (back of head), Caudal (back of butt), Posterior (dorsal; back), Anterior (ventral; front), Proximal (shoulder, thigh), Distal (hand, feet), Medial (middle of stomach), Lateral (arm)

Hint 1

SICCPAPDML

Front 2

Anatomical Position

Back 2

Standing upright with palms facing forward.

Hint 2

The corpse pose

Front 3

Ab Quads

Back 3

Right Upper Quadrant, Left Upper Quadrant, Right Lower Quadrant, Left Left Quadrant

Hint 3

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

Front 4

Ab regions

Back 4

Right and Left hypochondriac, Right and Left lumbar, Right and Left inguinal, Epigastric, Umbilical, Hypogastric (pubic)

Hint 4

RL hypochon, epigas, RL lumbar, umbilical, RL inguinal, hypogas

Front 5

Name 3 planes. State the division.

Back 5

Transverse: divides body into superior and inferior

Frontal (coronal): anterior and posterior

Sagittal: left and right

(Midsagittal: exactly down the middle)

Hint 5

Trans, Frontal, Sagittal

Front 6

Body cavity

Back 6

Internal chambers holding vital organs; allows organs to change shape and size

Front 7

Name the 2 body cavities.

Back 7

Dorsal body cavity and Ventral body cavity

Front 8

What does the 2 body cavities include?

Back 8

Dorsal: cranial and spinal cavity

Ventral: thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

Front 9

Thoracic Cavities

Back 9

Contains the heart and lungs; subdivided into the left and right pleural cavities and mediastinum

Front 10

Pleural Cavities

Back 10

Subdivision of thoracic cavity; contains one lung lined by the visceral and parietal pleura

Front 11

Mediastinum Cavities

Back 11

Subdivision of thoracic cavity; contains the pericardium (serous membrane that surrounds the heart)

Front 12

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Back 12

Lined by the peritoneum; extends from the diaphragm to pelvis (liver, stomach, spleen, large intestine)

Hint 12

Perito from dia to pel drinks, eats, cleans and digests.

Front 13

Pelvic Cavity

Back 13

Pelvis area with a floor of muscle (sex organs, bladder, large intestine)

Hint 13

Sex, pee, more digesting

Front 14

What are tissues?

Back 14

Collections of specialized cells and organized cell products to perform functions

Front 15

What is Histology?

Back 15

Study of tissues

Front 16

Name the 4 types of tissues.

Back 16

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous

Hint 16

Epicon must be nervous

Front 17

Epithelial Tissue

Back 17

Glands (secretory) and epithelium; avascular; forms protective blanket to regulate permeability; cells show polarity

Front 18

What are the functions of epithelium?

Back 18

Physical protection, control permeability, provide sensation, produce specialized secretions

Hint 18

4 functions; think skin

Front 19

Specializations of epithelium

Back 19

Perform secretory and transport functions, maintain physical integrity, ciliated ones move materials across their surfaces

Hint 19

3 things; performing, maintaining and moving

Front 20

What is the structure of a typical epithelium?

Back 20

Basal Lamina (lamina lucida and densa); germinative cells replace short-lived ones

Hint 20

Basal and its Lucy and Deny

Front 21

3 cell shapes of Epithelia

Back 21

Squamous, Cuboidal and Columnar

Front 22

Numbers of cell layers

Back 22

Simple and stratified

Front 23

Squamous epithelium

Back 23

Simple: alveoli of lungs and inner lining of cornea

Stratified: skin and lining of mouth

Hint 23

Simple: breath and see

Strat: feel and eat

Front 24

Cuboidal epithelium

Back 24

Simple: glands and ducts

Stratified: linings of some ducts (rare)

Hint 24

Simple: sweat

Strat: quack

Front 25

Columnar epithelium

Back 25

Simple: gallbladder and intestine

Pseudostratified ciliated: lining of nasal cavity and trachea

Strat: epiglottis and anus

Transitional: bladder and renal pelvis

Hint 25

Simple: bile and digest

Pseudostrat: in the nose and windpipe

Strat: swallow and poop

Trans: pee and hip thrusts

Front 26

2 types of Glandular epithelia

Back 26

Exocrine gland: secrete through ducts onto surface

Endocrine gland: releases hormones into surrounding fluid

Hint 26

Teenage tears

Front 27

State the 3 kinds of Grandular secretions.

Back 27

Merocrine (product released by exocytosis)

Apocrine (loss of product and cytoplasm)

Holocrine (destroys the cell)

Hint 27

Mero lets his Ex go after the destructive Holocaust and after losing Apo.

Front 28

Name the simple exocrine glands.

Back 28

Simple Tubular, Simple coiled tubular, simple branched, simple alveolar, simple branched alveolar

Hint 28

5 kinds.

Front 29

Name the compound exocrine glands.

Back 29

Compound tubular, compound alveolar, compound tubuloalveolar

Front 30

Give examples for each of the simple exocrine glands.

Back 30

Tubular: intestinal glands

Coiled tubular: sweat glands

Branched tubular: tongue

Alveolar: not found in adults; only a stage

Branched alveolar: oil glands

Hint 30

4 examples, 1 is a stage

Front 31

Give examples for each compound gland.

Back 31

Tubular: mucous mouth glands

Alveolar: mammary glands

Tubuloalveolar: salivary glands

Hint 31

3 examples

Front 32

Functions of Connective Tissue

Back 32

Establishes structure, transports fluids, protects delicate organs, supports, surrounds and interconnects tissues, stores energy reserves and defends body

Hint 32

8 functions

Front 33

3 types of connective tissues

Back 33

Connective Tissue Proper, Fluid Connective Tissues, Supporting Connective Tissues

Front 34

Examples for each connective tissues

Back 34

CTP: Loose and Dense

FCT: Blood and Lymph

SCT: Cartilage and Bone

Front 35

What do connective tissues contain?

Back 35

Specializes cells and matrix (protein fibers and ground substance)

Front 36

Connective Tissue Proper

Back 36

Varied cell populations, various fiber types and syrupy ground substance, classified as loose or dense

Hint 36

4 characteristics

Front 37

Fluid Connective Tissue

Back 37

Contains distinctive cell population, watery ground substance with dissolved proteins

Hint 37

2 characteristics

Front 38

Supporting Connective Tissue

Back 38

Small cell population, dense ground substance, closely packed fibers

Hint 38

3 characteristics

Front 39

Types of cells found in connective tissue

Back 39

Macrophage, adipocytes, mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, melanocytes, mast cells, lymphocytes, and microphages

Hint 39

9 cells; mac adi mesen fib mel ma lym mic

Front 40

3 types of fiber found in Connective Tissue Proper

Back 40

Collagen, Reticular and Elastic

Front 41

Adipose Tissue

Back 41

Deep to skin especially butt and sides

Front 42

CTP loose

Back 42

Embryonic mesenchyme, areolar tissue, adipose and reticular tissue

Hint 42

4 types

Front 43

CTP dense

Back 43

Dense regular and irregular CT

Hint 43

2 types

Front 44

Where is Adipose Tissue located?

Back 44

Deep to skin esp. at sides and butt

Hint 44

Blogilates' "Picture Perfect" and "WMYB"

Front 45

Where is Reticular Tissue found?

Back 45

Liver, kidney, spleen

Hint 45

Drink clean, filtered water!

Front 46

Dense regular CT location

Back 46

Between skeletal muscles and skeleton

Hint 46

Bones

Front 47

Dense irregular CT location

Back 47

Nerve and muscle sheaths; dermis

Front 48

Elastic Tissue

Back 48

Between vertebrae; in blood vessel walls

Front 49

Blood

Back 49

Formed elements (RBC, WBC and platelets) and plasma, arteries carry blood away, veins carry toward heart, capillaries allow diffusion into the interstitial fluid

Hint 49

5 things to know

Front 50

Lymph

Back 50

Interstitial fluid in the lymphatic vessels

Front 51

Characteristics of cartilage

Back 51

Grows via interstitial and appositional growth, matrix containing chondroitin sulfate, called chondrocytes, found in lacunae, perichondrium separates cartilage from tissues

Hint 51

5 characteristics

Front 52

Types of cartilage and location

Back 52

Hyaline: between tips of ribs and bones of sternum

Elastic: auricle of external ear

Fibrocartilage: pads within knee joints

Hint 52

3 types

Front 53

Bone or osseus tissue

Back 53

Has osteocytes, little ground substance, dense matrix, surrounded by periosteum

Hint 53

Little, dense Peri has osteoporosis

Front 54

Membranes

Back 54

Form a barrier, composed of epithelium and CT, 4 types

Hint 54

3 characteristics

Front 55

4 types of membranes

Back 55

Cutaneous, Synovial, Serous and Mucous

Hint 55

Cut Syn Ser Muc

Front 56

Mucous membranes

Back 56

Line cavities that work with the exterior, contain lamina propria

Front 57

Serous membranes

Back 57

Line sealed internal cavities, form transudate

Front 58

Cutaneous membranes

Back 58

Cover the body surface

Front 59

Synovial membrane

Back 59

Incompletely lining within join cavities

Front 60

3 types of CT network

Back 60

Superficial fascia, Deep fascia, Subserous fascia

Front 61

Features of muscle tissue

Back 61

Specialized for contraction

Hint 61

Flex your biceps

Front 62

3 types of muscle tissue

Back 62

Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth

Hint 62

Skcarsmoo

Front 63

Locations of 3 types of muscle tissues

Back 63

Skeletal: combined with CT and NT in skeletal muscles

Cardiac: Heart

Smooth: blood vessels, walls of respiratory organs

Front 64

Characteristics of skeletal muscle

Back 64

Multinucleate, striated voluntary muscle, satellite cells

Hint 64

3 things to remember

Front 65

Cardiac muscle

Back 65

Cardiocytes, striated involuntary muscle, pacemaker for contraction

Hint 65

3 things, 1 is opposite to the skeletal muscle

Front 66

Smooth muscle tissue

Back 66

Non-striated involuntary muscle, divide and regenerate

Hint 66

The Doctor

Front 67

Neural Tissue

Back 67

Conducts electrical impulses, conveys info from one place to another, neurons: transmit info, neuroglia: support neural tissue and help supply nutrients to neurons

Front 68

What makes a neuron?

Back 68

Cell body, dendrites and axon

Back 69

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