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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is evolution?
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This is the modification of a population as it descends from a parent population. "Descent with modification"
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What is stasis?
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This means that there is no change in population structure or species from over many generations.
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What is drift?
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This is a variation that does not affect survival and reproduction, and will vary randomly in frequency.
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What are the 3 requirements for evolution?
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1: Variability
-there must be some variability for evolution to happen -the population must have traits with a range of characteristics 2: Differential Reproductive Species -animals with a better chance of living will have more offspring 3: Heritability -the traits of the reproducing animals must be inheritable |
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What is fecundity?
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The capability of producing offspring
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What is fitness?
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The number of genome copies that an organism leaves relative to the whole population
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What is a genome?
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This is all of the genetic material of an organism
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What is proximate causation?
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This is the ecological (short time) scale.
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What is ultimate causation?
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This is the evolutionary (long term) scale
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What are 3 components of fitness?
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1: Survivorship - the probability of surviving to the age of reproduction
2: Fecundity - how many offspring you have 3: Relatedness - what percent of the genome is passed on to offspring |
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Give an example of proximate and ultimate causation.
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Proximate - Get goose bumps as a response to cold
Ultimate - Mammal ancestors that could trap heat could put more energy into reproduction and left more offspring. |
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What is a chromosome?
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This is is an organized structure of DNA, protein, and RNA found in cells
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The flow of genetic information in a cell goes from
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DNA to RNA to protein
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What is a nucleotide?
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This is the building blocks or monomers of nucleic acid molecules
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What is the function of RNA polymerase?
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This is an enzyme that carries out transcription. It attaches to the promoter and untwists a portion of the double helix. It moves along the DNA to pair up RNA nucleotides with DNA counterparts
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Is tRNA a codon or anticodon?
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anticodon
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What is a gene?
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This codes for either a polypeptide or an RNA molecule
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What is a codon?
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This contains 3 bases and specifies which amino acid will be inserted into the polypeptide chain
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What is a eukaryote?
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This is an organism whose cell contains a nucleus
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What is a prokaryote?
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This is an organism whose cell lacks a nucleus
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What is gene expression?
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This is the process by which the information from a gene is made into a functional gene product
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What is a genotype?
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This is the genetic makeup of an organism; the DNA sequence
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What is a phenotype?
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This is the structural, physiological, and behavioral traits of an organism
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How may the protein structure affect the protein function?
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The shape of a protein determines its job
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This combination in DNA has a double hydrogen bond
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AT
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This combination in DNA has a triple hydrogen bond
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CG
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What is the function of a histone?
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These are found in the nucleus of a eukaryote cell that package and order the DNA into nucleosomes
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What is RNA?
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This is a nucleic acid similar to DNA. It is usually one-stranded and has the base uracil instead of thymine
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What is transcription?
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This is the first step of gene expression where a portion of DNA is copied into RNA
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What is translation?
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This is the process where ribosomes are used to create proteins
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What is the start codon?
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AUG - methionine
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What are the stop codons?
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UAA UAG UGA
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What is the promoter?
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This is the region of DNA where transcription begins
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What is Central Dogma?
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This is an explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system
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What is charging?
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A charging enzyme will accept 1 amino acid/ tRNA combination. It attaches amino acids and tRNA
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