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163 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where in the body are A-V shunts (A-V malformations) considered normal
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nose, lips, finger, ears (to conserve body heat)
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what are AV shunts
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areas where there are no capillaries b/w arteries and veins
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where are sinusoids present
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liver, spleen, bone marrow, anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex, parathyroid glands
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colles fracture is a fracture at the end of what bone
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radius
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muscles of the rotator cuff
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supraspinatus
infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis |
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what fascia is the mammary gland located
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superficial
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ligaments that support the breast
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coopers ligament
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what causes dimpling of breast tissue seen in breast cancer
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shortening of coopers ligaments
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what causes the inverted nipple seen with breast cancer
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shortening of lactiferous ducts
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muscles removed in a radical mastectomy
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pec major and minor
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what is removed in a radical mastectomy
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breast and axillary lymph nodes
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pec minor runs to and from what ribs
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2nd to 5th
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what innervates pec minor
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medial pectoral nerve
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attachments of pec major
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medial half of clavicle
manubrium body of sternum upper 6 costal cartilages |
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innervation of pec major
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lateral and median pectoral nerves
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what runs through the carpal tunnel
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median nerve, tendons of the flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor digitorum superficialis
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borders of the anatomic snuff box
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extensor pollicis longus tendon
extensor pollicis brevis tendon abductor pollicis longus muscle |
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muscles of the hand that abduct the fingers
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dorsal interossei
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muscles of the hand that adduct the fingers
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palmar interossei
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muscles of the hand that flex the MCP joing
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lumbricals
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muscles of the hand that extend the PIP and DIP joint
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lumbricals
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brachial plexus passes between what muscles of the neck
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anterior and middle scalene
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artery that runs along with brachial plexus
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axillary artery
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where are the cell bodies of general somatic and general visceral afferents located
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dorsal root ganglia
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where are the cell bodies of the general somatic efferents located
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anterior horn of the spinal cord
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where are the cell bodies of the sympathetic postganglionic general visceral efferents located
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sympathetic chain ganglia
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where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery
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first rib
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where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery
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end of teres major
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where do the proximal and distal segments of the clavicle move to when the clavicle is fractured
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proximal end moves upward (due to SCM)
distal end moves down (due to deltoid) |
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fracture of the clavicle affects what vessel that can cause fatal hemorrhage of thrombosis
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subclavian vein
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fracture of the radius that displaces the distal segment anteriorly
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reverse colles (smith fracture) - colles is displaced posteriorly
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what can be damaged by an inferiorly displaced humerus
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axillary nerve
posterior humeral circumflex a. |
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referred pain to the shoulder usually involves what nerve
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phrenic nerve C3-5 (supraclavicular nerve which supplies the shoulder is from C3-4)
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fracture of the middle humerus presents with what sx
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wrist drop (radial n. )
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fracture of the medial epicondyle will result in what sx
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claw hand (ulnar n.)
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supracondylar injury to humerus will present with what sx
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ape hand (median nerve)
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is the PCL located in or out of the synovial cavity
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outside
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ligament of the knee that is attached to the medial meniscus
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medial collateral ligament
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the lateral collateral ligament is attached to what distally
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head of the fibula
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largest nerve of the body
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sciatic nerve
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internal iliac becomes what distally
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obturator artery
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external iliac artery becomes what distally
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femoral artery
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knee-jerk reflex tests what nerve
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L4
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ankle jerk reflex tests what nerve
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S1
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femoral hernias are more common in which sex
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females (females=femoral)
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waddling gait is due to paralysis of what muscle
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gluteus medius
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common finding of a basilar skull fracture (base of the skull)
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bleeding from the ear
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discoloration of the skin along the course of the posterior auricular artery indicative of a basilar skull fracture
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battles sign
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most common cause of death from a skull fracture
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laceration of the brain
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where is there separation of the cranial bones in infants in order to allow passage through the birth canal
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fontanelles
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5 layers of the scalp
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skin
connective tissue aponeurosis of the frontalis and occipitalis loose connective tissue periosteum |
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connect the pericranium to the skull
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sharpeys fibers
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connects the frontal and occipital muscles of the head
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galea aponeurotica
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layer of the scalp that can form large hematomas after blows to the head
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loose connective tissue (subaponeurosis)
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route of travel of infection of the subaponeurotic layer of the scalp into the cranium/meninges
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bridging veins
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sebaceous cysts (result of sebaceous gland obstruction) located on the scalp are called what
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wen
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veins that can carry infections of the face above the mouth into the cavernous sinus
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facial vein
angular vein superior opthalmic vein |
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where do infections of the face above the mouth spread
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cavernous sinus (via facial angular and superior opthalmic veins)
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enlarged supraclavicular nodes on the left side are frequently assx with what
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stomach/colon cancer
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nerve damaged in bells palsy
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CN VII
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where along CN VII is there damage if forehead movement is preserved in bells palsy
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cerebral cortex or descending corticobulbar fibers (rather than nucleus or the periphery)
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muscles that close the jaw (3)
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masseter
temporalis medial pterygoid |
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muscles that open the jaw (3)
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lateral pterygoid
suprahyoid infrahyoid |
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muscle that retracts the jaw
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temporalis
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sx of damage to the nerve to the stapedius
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hyperacusis (exaggerated sense of noise)
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located in the carotid sheath
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internal and common carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve,
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space that is bordered by the buccopharyngeal and prevertebral fascia
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retropharyngeal space
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carotid sinus is located in what vessel
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internal carotid artery
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innervation of the carotid sinus
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CN IX
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blood pressure regulating area of the internal carotid artery
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carotid sinus
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chemoreceptor located in the common carotid artery
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carotid body
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what vessel is the carotid body located in
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common carotid artery
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what is subclavian steal syndrome
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narrowing of the left subclavian artery, which causes blood to shunt from the right vertebral artery to the left, decreasing blood flow to the brain
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brachiocephalic trunk is on what side of the thorax
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right
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what does the brachiocephalic trunk bifurcate into
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common carotid
right subclavian |
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what is the first branch of the subclavian artery
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vertebral artery
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what is the second branch of the subclavian artery
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thyrocervical trunk
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what is the third branch of the subclavian artery
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costocervical trunk
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4th branch of the subclavian artery
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descending scapular artery
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vessel that passes anterior to the anterior scalene muscle
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subclavian vein
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patent duct b/w foramen cecum and pyramidal lobe of thyroid
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thyroglossal duct
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nerve often damaged in thyroidectomy
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recurrent laryngeal nerve
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most common cause of swallowing difficulty
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throat infection
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sex more affected by tongue carcinoma
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males
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most common site for tongue carcinoma
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edges of tongue
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sensitive teeth result from exposure of what
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dentin (normally enamel covers dentin)
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muscle responsible for opening the eustachian tube when swallowing
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salpingopharyngeus
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are there valves in the dural sinuses
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no
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valveless vein of the head that infection is spread through
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facial vein
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site of collection of CSF
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cisterna magna
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most common site of an epidural hemorrhage-generating skull fracture
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greater wing of the spenoid (temple)
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epidural hemorrhage often affects what nerve
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CN III (ipsilateral dilated, fixed pupil)
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what usually herniates in a persistent epidural hemorrhage
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uncus of the temporal lobe
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population at high risk for subdural hemorrhage
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alcoholics
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sx of this type of head injury arise 3-6 weeks after incident
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subdural hemorrhage
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most common intracranial bleed due to trauma
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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sx of intracranial hemorrhage
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paralytic strokes
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tumors of the pituitary can occlude what artery
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internal carotid
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cause of a complete unilateral motor and sensory loss
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lesion to internal capsule
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aneurysms due to septic emboli
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mycotic aneurysms
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mycotic aneurysms (due to septic emboli) most often occur where in the brain
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middle or anterior cerebral arteries
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most common site of a hemorrhagic CVA
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lenticulate branch of the middle cerebral artery (into the basal ganglia)
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another name for a sty
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hordoleum
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two types of hydrocephalus
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communicating (flows from brain to spinal cord)
non-communicating |
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chronic granuloma of the eyelid that results from infection and causes obstruction of the tarsal gland
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chalazion
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inflammation of the lid margin due to sebaceous gland infection
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blepharitis
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eversion of the eyelid
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ectropion
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inversion of the eyelid
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entropion
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innervation of the lacrimal glands
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CN VII
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blindness due to occipital lobe damage
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cortical blindness
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type of vision that occurs when the eyeball is too long
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nearsightedness (image focuses in front of the retina)
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type of vision that occurs when the eyeball is too short
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farsightedness (image focuses behind the retina)
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benign peripheral corneal degeneration
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arcus senilis
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part of eye that is sensitive to touch and pain
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cornea
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innervation of the cornea
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CN V1
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pupil that does not constrict for light but does constrict for near vision
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argyll robertson pupil
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cause of an argyll robertson pupil (constricts for near vision, but not for light)
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pretectal lesion (in the brainstem)
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vertigo and tinnitus due to excess fluid in the ear
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menieres disease
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why is metastases to the spinal cord so common
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venous plexi of the spinal cord are valveless
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ligament of the neck that prevents the dens from puncturing the spinal cord
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transverse ligament
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where does the spinal cord end in an infant
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L3 (L2 in adult)
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most fractures of the wrist include what bone
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scaphoid bone
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progressive fibrosis of the palmar aponeurosis that causes the fingers to go into irreversible flexion at the MCP
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dupuytrens contracture
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superficial branch of the median nerve that supplies the thenar muscles
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recurrent branch
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muscles responsible for placing fingers into the writing position
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lumbricals
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muscles responsible for allowing typing, writing, playing the piano
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lumbricals
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what muscles of the hand are supplied by the radial nerve
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none
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expansion of the extensor tendons of the fingers as they cross the MCP
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extensor hood
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shoulder separation includes separation of what joint
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AC
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when placing a needle into the sternum, where should you place the needle in respect to the ribs
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upper border of the rib (vein, artery, and nerve run at the inferior portion of the rib)
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how many bronchopulmonary segments are located in the lungs
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20 (10 in each)
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how many different nerves, arteries, and veins are assx with each lung
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10 (1 for each bronchopulmonary segment)
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the AV node is most commonly supplied by what artery
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right coronary artery
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the SA node is most commonly supplied by what artery
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right coronary artery
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two layers of the pericardium
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fibrous layer
serous layer (also has 2 parts: visceral and parietal pericardium) |
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bleeding type ulcers are usually located where in the stomach
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posteriorly
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perforating type ulcers are usually located where in the stomach
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anteriorly
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stomach cancers usually metastasize where first
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liver (due to portal circulation)
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idiopathic occlusion of the hepatic vein
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budd-chiari syndrome
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marks the change from columnar to squamous epithelium in the anus
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pectinate line (dentate line)
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when a female is an embryo herself her oocytes develop through what stage of miosis
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prophase of meiosis I
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the peritoneal cavity is made up of what
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greater and lesser sac
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what is another name for the lesser peritoneal sac
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omental bursa
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where is the lesser peritoneal sac located
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behind the caudate liver and stomach
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connects the greater and lesser peritoneal sacs
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epiploic foramen
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inguinal hernia that follows the descent of the testis during development
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indirect
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inguinal hernia that passes through hesselbachs triangle
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direct
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inguinal hernia that passes through the inguinal canal via the internal opening
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indirect
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borders of hesselbachs triangle
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rectus abdominus
inferior epigastric arteries inguinal ligament |
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where is the ureter in relation to the internal iliac artery
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medial
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where is the ureter in relation to the uterine artery
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inferior (water under the bridge)
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small blood vessels that nourish the walls of larger blood vessels
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vasa vasorum
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lobe of prostate that is palpated in prostate exam
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posterior
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only muscle of the larynx that is not innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve
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cricothyroid
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another name for the superior tarsal muscle
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mullers muscle
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what is the innervation to the dilator pupillae (mydriasis)
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sympathetics via CN III
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innervates touch and temperature to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
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CN V3 (via the lingual nerve)
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innervates taste of the posterior 3rd of the toungue
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CN IX (via the lingual nerve)
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all mandibular muscles come from which embryologic structure
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1st branchial arch
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only abductors of the vocal cords
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posterior cricoarytenoids
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innervation of the cricothyroid muscle of the larynx
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external laryngeal nerve
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5 branches of the aorta past the diaphragm in descending order
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celiac trunk
superior mesenteric artery renal artery testicular/ovarian artery inferior mesenteric artery |
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part of the GI that lies in between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta
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3rd part of the duodenum
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