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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the ABC model?
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Attitudes are judgments
Affect (Affect Affective reactions can be both positive and negative, even for the same attitude object.) Behavior Cognition |
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How are attitudes required?
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experience
Inhertided |
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What are attitudes?
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Attitudes are lasting, general evaluations of people, objects, or issues. They operate like schemas to organize information and guide behavior.
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How much does attitude predict behavior? Why>
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Very little:
attitudes appear to account for less than 10% of variability in behavior. Both behavior and attitudes are subject to other influences. |
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An example of inherited attitude demonstrated with feeding dogs and ringing a bell
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Classical conditioning: associative learning through neural stimulus along with a stimulus of some significance.
e.g. Pavlov's dogs or the smell of lavender reminding you of sleep |
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Inherited attitude based on reward or punishment
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Instrumental conditioning: operant conditioning that pairs a response with a reinforcement in discrete trials; reinforcement occurs only after the response is given. e.g training a wild animal
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Learning through watching others
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Observational Learning: observing other attitudes shape our own
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Direct Experience
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Attitude based of personal immediate experience
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How do the attitudes of identical twins support the theory of genetic inherited attitudes?
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identical twins often share attitudes such as musical taste or political beliefs.
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How can specificity help researched understand behavior and attitude?
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The more specifically framed a question is the more accurate it is a predicted of attitude. e.g attitudes towards the environment doesn't predict behavior as well as attitudes about recycling. Attitudes towards birth control, the more specific the question the more accurate a prediction if a woman used birth control :"attitude to using birth control within the next 2 years."
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How has research on attitudes proven complicated.
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Social desirability bias: tendency of respondents to reply in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others. Those who oppose gay marriage in MA might not reveal their attitude.
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How can a teacher prevent students from cheating? Does their previous stated attitude affect behavior?
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Placing a student in front of the mirror reminds them of their attitudes. Previous admonishment of cheating does not predict behavior.
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When does attitude predict behavior?
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other influences are minimal
the attitude is specific to the action the attitude is potent (because something reminds us of it, or because we gained it in a manner that makes it stronger) |
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Who is Patty Hearst and what happened to her?
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Millionaire heiress Patty Hearst was kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army. After two months in captivity, she actively took part in a robbery they were orchestrating. Isolation: only the opinions and viewpoints of the SLA. Solicited her active participation. Possibly coerced the complied. Survival techinque "model prisoner."
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Philip Zimbardo?
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Ran the Stanford Prison Experiment and devised a theory of behavior he calls the "Lucifer Effect." Explains how good people can act evil depending their situation and social label.
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How has enforcement of behavior changed attitude?
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Mandatory seat belt laws have changed
attitudes toward seat belt use as has forced racial integration changed white America's attitude positively. Acting and seeing is believing |
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Why Do Actions Affect Attitudes?
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Sanity Seldom Constricts :
Self-Presentation Theory Self-Perception Theory Cognitive Dissonance Theory |
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Self-Presentation Theory?
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We want others to think well of us and therefore actively manage how we present our attitudes: We tend to present attitudes that are consistent with our behavior.
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Self-Perception Theory?
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When we are unsure of our attitudes, we infer them by looking at our behavior and the circumstances under which it occurs.
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Cognitive Dissonance Theory?
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Cognitive Dissonance Theory
When one cognition is inconsistent with another cognition, the resulting discomfort motivates us to find a way to restore cognitive balance or consistency. |
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Cognitive Dissonance Experiment
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By Festinger & Carlsmith, 1959
Participants who participated in a boring task were either paid $1 or $20. Participants were asked to persuade another subject the task was enjoyable.When asked to rate the boring tasks at the conclusion of the study, those in the $1 group rated them more positively than those in the $20 and control groups. Had to change their attitude so they wouldn't have sold their honesty for a buck. $1 to high of a Dissonance between attitude and behavior. |
