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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the main function of the thorax? |
The main function of the thorax is to protect circulatory and respiratory organs. |
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Describe a rib contusion. |
Rib contusion - blow to front/side (blow to back: paraspinal contusion) - localized pain or area, during inspiration & palpation - manipulation of rib at distance does not ^ pain
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Describe a rib fracture. |
Rib fracture - can be direct or indirect - ribs 5-9 most commonly injured - usually weakest point is posterior angle - can be displaced (two pieces, sticking out, could puncture lung) or undisplaced (cracked rib)
signs/symptoms - athlete splint themselves - pain w coughing and/or deep inspiration - trunk movements ^ pain - pain w manipulation away from injury through ring |
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Describe a costochondral injury. |
Costochondral injury - compression of antero-lateral ribs cause a separation of cartilage & rib - local tenderness - swelling - hematoma - step off deformity (may have click) - treat symptoms & protect area
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Describe a thoracic muscle strain/contusion. |
Thoracic muscle strain/contusion - most common strain is the intercostal - violent exertional forces/trauma - overstretching via rotation - pain over local area - pain w pressure - tender on palpation b/w ribs over the muscles |
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How do you manage rib injuries? |
Management of rib injuries - send for imaging if fracture suspected - POLIC - stabilize/wrap - watch for hypostatic pneumothorax (wrap too tight, can't fill up lungs) - pad for return to play - rest 4 - 8 weeks |
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What are the signs and symptoms of a pneumothorax (partially collapsed lung)? |
Pneumorthorax - pleural cavity filled with air through opening in chest - difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, cyanosis (not enough O2, turn blue) |
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What are the signs/symptoms of a tension pneumothorax (complete collapse) |
Tension pneumothorax - pleural sac fills w air - displaces lung & heart to other side - trachea may deviate to uninjured side |
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What are the signs/symptoms of a hemothorax? |
Hemothorax - blood in pleural cavity - can happen w/out rib fracture - difficulty breathing, shortness of breath & cyanosis - coughing up frothy blood (pink mousse)
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Describe committee cordis. |
Commotio cordis - traumatic blunt trauma over the heart - hit during narrow window of heart repolarization - cardiac arrest - young athletes more at risk due to pliability of chest wall
- get AED asap - if delivered w/in 1 min, 90% survival rate (10% decline every minute) - have an action plan!! |
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Describe muscular contusions in the abdominal wall. |
Muscular contusions in the abdominal wall - localized area of tenderness - ^ pain on contraction/v on relaxation (internal bleeding, abdominal wall will not relax) - no referred pain - treat w cold pack & compression |
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Describe a muscle strain in the abdominal wall. |
Muscle strain in the abdominal wall - rectus abdominis most common - sudden violent contraction or recurrent microtrauma - localized pain & spasm - STTT positive
ostetis pubis - rectus abdominis pulls periostieum off pubis symphysis - pain w running, sit-ups, squats |
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Describe when you get the 'wind knocked out' of you. |
Wind knocked out - solar (celiac) plexus) - collection of nerves under diaphragm - trauma to relaxed abdomin or back - transitory paralysis of diaphragm - make sure airway is clear - loosen belt/restrictive clothing/assure person they will live/calm them down - slow expiration, followed by short inspiration |
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What is in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen? |
Upper right quadrant - liver - right kidney - gall bladder - colon - pancreas |
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What is in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen? |
Upper left quadrant - stomach - left kidney - spleen - colon - pancreas |
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What is in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen? |
Lower right quadrant - appendix - colon - small intestine - ureter - major vein & artery to right leg |
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What is in the lower left quadrant of the abdomen? |
Lower left quadrant - colon - small intestine - ureter - major vein & artery to left leg
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What does the midline of the abdominal quadrant contain? |
Midline of abdomen - aorta - pancreas - small intestine - bladder - spine |
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What are the peritoneal signs of an acute abdominal injury? |
Signs of an acute abdominal injury (peritoneal) - abdominal rigidity (can't relax stomach) - guarding (if in combination) - referred pain - loss of bowel signs
- send to hospital!! |
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Describe spleen damage |
Spleen - fractured rib could rupture - blunt trauma or second degree to rib fracture
symptoms - slow onset bc symptoms develop secondary to bleeding - left upper quadrant/left shoulder pain caused by diaphragmatic irritation - emergency!! |
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Describe liver damage. |
Liver - 2nd most commonly injured organ - right upper quadrant pain - nausea & vomiting (maybe) - contusion: no peritoneal signs - lacerated: peritoneal signs
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Describe kidney damage. |
Kidney - most common - blunt trauma to flank (upper abdomen/back) or abdomen - acute or repetitive trauma - flank pain, tenderness, ecchymosis, hematuria (blood in urine) - only half of kidney covered by ribs
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Describe bladder damage. |
Bladder - protected by pelvic ring - v trauma w empty bladder - blunt trauma over pubic rami (inability to urinate despite urge) - tenderness supra=pubic region - hematuria (pee blood) |
