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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sir robert peel. What did he do? |
He became PM in 1841 (1834-35 & 1841-46). Quickly moved to a Free trade economic policy. Reduced taxes on imports in 1842 and 1845. 1842 Income tax on the rich mainly, first ever! Tried to end corn law which split Cons. Gladstone his 'successor'. |
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'Mid victorian boom' It consisted of what? |
- Agricultural efficiant methords of production. workers enjoy rising wages, sustained employment, falling prices of food, and WC had disposable income. - Confidence in financial system. Bank charter act (1844 by Peel) meant improving their stability and new regulations. - (1844 by Peel) Regulation of companies in a Companies Act. Took out fraud companies, became a basis for updating the regulation of new companies. - The expansion of the railway system. Improvement in telegraph communications, Meant good were transported quickly and cheaply all year round. |
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What were the consequences of USA's Civil war? |
Lasted until 1865. Cotton famine. Tens of thousands of factory workers thrown out of work or into Short-time working. 1860-61 exceptionally severe weather, serious crisis in london as docks closed, projects put on hold and supplies ran short, wide spread unemployment. However it was short term, work continued and cotton supplies resumed. |
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The Social impact of industrialisation (1850's) |
- Working classes had greater access to information and ideas than their rural counterparts. Still restricted but possible to read and write, improved understanding of social and political issues. Organised working class activities like trade unions. - Public health increasing concern - Religious tensions. Divisions between Anglican church and nonconformists/dissenters. They were found in all classes, represented a force of people united by religion even if divided by class. 1851 Still barriers to dissenters in society however they were a comfortable majority. Anglican attendence: 3,773,000. Dissenters 3,487,000 - Regional Differences steadily eroded. Dialects seemingly foreign and some completely different. Railway reduced traveling times and meant people and goods could travel. National diet changed from regional. |
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The chartists. Who were they and what did they want? |
A movement from the 'people's charter' 1836. They demanded a new reform act from the GRA of 1832. . All men can vote at 21 . property qualifications abolished for MPs . Secret voting . Every constituency have the same voters . MPS paid £500 (£560,000 to us) so they'd be free from corruption . general elections annually They didn't have much prospect but prompted cons and peel to move to social & economic changes. Had LT impact with WC, helped alcohol abuse and had a thriving women's movement. Ended in 1850s |
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The poor law. What was it? |
Money for people who could'nt support themselves from dying or starvation. The power to administer the law was deglegated under the system to the individual parishes. (15,000 such). Different parishes had different practices with dealing with the 'relief'. 1830's it's cost was getting too much, thought it to be abolished for anyone able bodied. Set up the Royal Comission which made the Report of the Poor law1834. |
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Royal comission and their report. |
Said for relief to be given to men and women but only in gender segregated workhouses. Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 set up the Comission and gave it powers to enforce its regulations. However by 1851 these hadn't been fully implimented. Separate workhouses rare, able-bodied still got relief outside workhouses. Strict diet, severe discipline, lack of freedom, and humiliation. 1850/1860 mainly consisted of women and children. Abolition in 1929. |
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Gladstone as Chancellor of the exchequer. What did he do? (1852-55 & 1859-65) |
He conincided with rising prosperity, iproved living standards, diet of WC, unemployment was lower, value of real wages rose. He played a part but general upturn of world trade and greater political stability in europe were also important factors. He carried on Peellite policies. He did the Post savings Accounts in 1861 which meant workers could save money. It was good for public finances. Also sponsored Cobden treaty with france (trade). He reduced threshold on income tax £150 to £100. Raised income tax to help deficit from cimeran war when he became chancellor again. Abolished stamp duties on newspapers making it easier for WC to buy. Helped literacy. |
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Cooperatives. (The cooperative movment and 'self help') |
Set up to help WC. Cooperative schemes and Rochdale principles. Sell items too expensive for ordinary workers to buy. Limited return for investors, Reinvestment of surpluses into the business, democratic managment, promotion of education, non-political, and tolerant of all religions. Helped change the UC view of WC. Now a backbone. |
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Trade unions. (1815, Ban lifted in 1824, 1848) |
Didn't have an affect till 1850s as they were slow and many failed (limited protests amd influence on economy and social) 1851 ASE formed and they wanted to negotiate with employers on mutual interest not seek confrontation through strikes. Charged a high rate but gave a benefit scheme. Others followed suit. Like the TUC (trade union congress). However there were violent strikes and in one union there were stolen funds. Royal commission set up to look into unions. |
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The factory act of 1833 |
Because children as young as 5 were working the Royal comission set up a report. Lead to the act. This meant it restricted the employment of children in textile factories, inspections had to be carried out regularly. Momentus innovation. All new social reform had a inspectorate. One education inspector in 1840, 70 in 1860. |
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The public health act of 1848. By Sir Robert Peel and Whigs. |
Cholera epidemic in 1831-32 which killed thousands. Gov ordered a Sanity report, it recomended more help and public health regulation. Peel set up the Royal comission which resulted in the Public Health Act of 1848 (by Whigs as Peel resigned). - Set up a board of health - Powers to impose sanitary reforms - inspectors on endemics and epidemics, dangerous working environments, social problems, child neglect, and pollution. |
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The public schools act 1868, Disraeli |
Provide more modern education, girls attend endowed schools. Only helped 1/7 population (UC and MC). WC schools only provided basic literacy, numeracy, and religious education. |
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Elementary Education Act of 1870. By W.E Foster |
Aimed to bridge the gap through new schools which would be set up under a new system. Limited gov spending on education. Primarily at working classes. Nececity because some WC men could vote in boroughs now. Better education a priority for WC so the civilised system would remain. Opposition from non-conformists objected public money to Anglican-church schools for WC. |
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Civil Service reform |
By Gladstone 1853. Usless till prompted in 1870 then there was an exemination before recruitment. Two levels, Upper for school and uni elites, Lower for clerks and MC. WC still left out. |
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Women's rights. Married Womens Property Act 1870 |
- Any form of income earned by the wife is hers and anything she buys with it. Separte from husbands assets. - Could inherit any land - Inherit up to £200 - Liable to maintain her children from her profits By Gladstone |
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The universities Tests Act 1871 |
Removed 'tests' for teaching posts at universities which had been reserved for Anglicans only. Removing Anglican privillage. Only agreed as eh was pressured, he then pushed it though with all his authority. |
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The local Government Board Act 1871 |
Meant Local gov board to be headed by a Cabinet minister. Took over many functions. Public health, poor law, urban improvements, roads, drainage, sanitation, and pollution. Better working of legislation. Provided a structure for future legislation to be deployed effectively. Passed by the Royal commission . |
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Trade union Act 1871 |
- Made strikes legal but because of the Criminal Law amendment act it was illegal to do any form of pickiting. - Even peaceful picketing was a risk - Allowed for their recognition as legal bodies with rights in law to protect their property and funds |
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Public health act 1872 |
Set up on the fidings of Royal comission on sanitary laws. - Merged local boards into municipal boroughs and local improvement commissions |
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Alchol Abuse, The Licensing Act 1872 |
- Pubs closed at midnight. 11pm for rural areas - made it illegal to add salt - riots ensued - Seen as a cause for the liberal defeat in 1874 |
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The supreme court of judicature Act 1873 |
- Reorganise couts of england - Abolish role of House of lords because of their 'poor judgment' |
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Army Reforms |
- Central offices under control of one war office - Organising regiments by county - Standard up to date rifle introduced - Attempts to Popularise army service - Flogging abolished - overseas service reduced |
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The public health act 1875 |
- Brought all existing legislation under one act. - Simplified it. More areas compulsory. - Basis till 1939 |
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The employers and workmen act 1875 |
- Placed employers and employees equal |
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The artisans' Dwellings Act 1875 |
- Power to local authorities to buy slum housing and demolish it to rebuild |
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Sale of food and Drugs Act 1875 |
- Brought tougher laws on covering the preparation of food and 'adulteration' - Heavy fine for violations - EG. Chalk added to flour, blood over meat, and salt in beer |
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Factory Act 1874 |
- Reduced the working hour to ten and a half hours. - Children couldn't work until ten - Full time working for 14 upwards |
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Factory and Workshops Act 1878 |
- Placed workshops under inspection of the government not local authority. |
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Education Act 1876 |
- Sandons Act - Duty on parents to ensure a child received elementary education - school attendance committees - Poor law helped parents pay |
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Disreali |
- Vauge generalisations rather than specific proposals - First leading Con to identify interventionist social reform as a specific objective - Constant theme of social awareness - Limited personal credit, different to his political philosophy and Gladstone could've done them |
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Gladstones Second ministry |
- Wasn't actually in charge but seen a leader, scrapped early retirement - Queen hated him - Had to face irish question rather than Disraeli's foreign and imperial policy - Passed: Seamen's wages Act, Employers' Liability Act, Education Act, Married Women's Property Act, Factory and Workshops Act |
