Art History Exam 3

Front 1

camera obscura

Back 1

-Latin for a dark room (16th century)
-This was the first camera apparatus
-The 16th and 17th century the camera obscura developed into a portable room
-In the 17th century table top camera obscura had a lens
How does it work?
-The whole in the wall allows light to enter
-Light is projected on the opposite wall
-There is no lens, light is not sharp

Front 2

Joseph Niepce

Back 2

-A French photographer
-First to take a semi-permanent photography
-It took 8 hours to expose a photograph
-Used a metal plate called the "Pooter Plate" exposed to chemicals

Front 3

Louis Daguerre

Back 3

-Daguerre and Niepce worked separately and corresponding in code
-exposure time was cut down to 10-11 minutes
-Daguerre worked on methods of fixing the photographic image
-In 1837 he was able t take the first image that was clear and sharp

Front 4

“Wet Plate” photography (a.k.a. the collodion process)

Back 4

-Enables many prints through the negative process
-Images on the glass plate can make many prints
-Images are crisp, clearer, the tone range can be seen
-Not durable because it's glass
-Negative has to be developed on site
-Have to have a mobile dark room
-Artist can print in a studio

Front 5

Daguerreotype

Back 5

A light sensitive surface with a copper plate coated with silver iodide
-is s positive process
-Still took a minute to 30 seconds to be exposed

Front 6

Calotype

Back 6

-Images on light sensitive paper treated with chemicals called the
-Invented by Talbot

Front 7

Negative Process

Back 7

The light and dark values are reversed

Front 8

carte de visit

Back 8

A small card-size photo
-Something you can hold in your hand
-Give to friends and family
-Can leave as a calling card, if you stop by someone's house and they were not home
-inexpensive

Front 9

positive process

Back 9

all the values, light and dark are correctly displayed in the camera and the metal plate

Front 10

George Eastman

Back 10

-In 1888 he invented a small hand-held camera (Kodak) and colored film
-Started the Kodak company

Front 11

Kodak Camera

Back 11

-Slogan was you press the button we do the rest
-The camera was already loaded with film that could take 100 photos (snapshots)
-Then you sent the camera in to be developed
-Kodak would send the camera back with the prints and the camera reloaded

Front 12

Alfred Stieglitz

Back 12

Elevated photography to an art form
-Believed that anyone can do photography
-Famous photo "the steerage" in 1907
-Documented the social class of 1907
-He was first class on an steam boat going to Europe
-He begin shooting in pure and straight way

Front 13

“pure” or “straight” photography

Back 13

This is shooting in a way that the photo is not manipulated

Front 14

Pictorialism (Edward Steichen, Gertrude Kasebier)

Back 14

Muniplating the image and changing the view of the camera
-Steichen and Kasebier major influences on pictonalism
-Steichen was against this approach once he got into his career

Front 15

documentary photography (photojournalism) & editorial photography

Back 15

-Record and event or or situation (ie social condition or war)
-The photos were intended to be in newspapers and magazines
-Done for the government for their records of certain events in history
-Brady and Gardner were responsible for recording the Civil War
-no motion shots exposure time was too long

Front 16

Dorothea Lange

Back 16

-Traveled for the FSA
-She concentrated on migrant mothers that were uprooted from their farms because of the Great Depression and drought

Front 17

Animation

Back 17

To Bring to life, to give something life

Front 18

Animated Film vs Animated Cartoon

Back 18

Film
-Created through stop-motion film/photography
-Every moment is a photographed
Cartoon
-Number of sequential drawings only
-Hand drawn or computer generated

Front 19

James Stuart Blackton

Back 19

-First American to create an animated film in 1906
-Could draw very quickly
-First animated film was "Humorous Faces of Funny Faces" 1906

Front 20

Winsor McKay

Back 20

-Godfather of animation
-Good at the lighting show
-drew cartoons for 2 NY papers
-Consider animation has an art form
-Drew cartoons in his free time

Front 21

Little Nemo

Back 21

-Created in 1911 by Winsor McKay
-Little Nemo was a character in comic script
-Wanted everyone to know this was hand drawn
-Cartoon script was hand tinted
-4 minutes long

Front 22

Gertie The Dinosaur

Back 22

-Created in 1914 by Winsor McKay
-Before Mickey Mouse
-9 minutes long
-Done in pen and ink and then traced on paper
-Hired neighbor to retrace the background on 10,000 drawings
-Timed his breathing to make sure that Gertie breathing looked real
-Was interactive, important for character animation
The establishment of character personality through unique movement ie body movement or gestures made by the characters

Front 23

Cels-Celluloid

Back 23

-Invented by George Eastman
-Character can be laid on a background without being retracted or drawing it again

Front 24

Walt Disney

Back 24

-Born in Chicago in 1901
-First to add synchornize sound and action to music
-Steam Boat Willie came out in 1928
-Mickey and Minnie appear for the first time
-Choose popular music
-The Design of Mickey Mouse was appealing
-Walt Disney was the voice of Mickey for the first 20 years
-Walt stop drawing in his early 20's

Front 25

Ub Idwerkes

Back 25

-Mickey mouse was created by Ub Idwerkes
-Model Sheet kept Mickey Mouse consistent
-This was the first Cartoon made by Idwerkes

Front 26

Web Smith

Back 26

Web Smith created the story board

Front 27

Story Board

Back 27

-4x8 bulletin board