Architecture Quiz 4

Front 1

Rib vaulting

Back 1

2 or 3 barrel vaults producing a "Rib" when they are edged with an armature of piped masonry often in decorative patterns

Front 2

Nave arcade

Back 2

a series of pointed arches roofed with a pointed barrel vault. The pointed arches and vault emphasize the vertical nature of the building

Front 3

Gallery/tribune

Back 3

refer to a balcony overlooking the nave of a church

Front 4

Mosque

Back 4

Place of worship for the followers of Islam

Front 5

Mihrab

Back 5

semicircular niche in the wall that shows the direction Mecca is in

Front 6

Qibla

Back 6

Direction that should be faced towards Mecca

Front 7

Minaret

Back 7

Towers from which the faithful are called to prayer, mark the enclosing wall

Front 8

Minbar

Back 8

Pulpit for reading the Quran

Front 9

Paradise Garden

Back 9

Celebrated due to desert roots, paradise is described as a garden, they use a four-square plan

Front 10

Muqarnas

Back 10

Ceramic tile and with small relief patterns that facet the interior domes and corners through the use of a squinch. Type of decoration is either masonry or stucco

Front 11

Westwork

Back 11

monumental West-facing entrance section of a Romanesque Church. The exterior consists of multiple stories between two towers.

Front 12

Chevet

Back 12

Chevet: eastern end of a church, especially of a Gothic church designed in the French manner. Beginning about the 12th century, Romanesque builders began to elaborate on the design of the area around the altar, adding a curved ambulatory behind it and constructing a series of apses or small chapels radiating from the ambulatory. Chevet design became most elaborate during the 13th century, and examples can be seen in the cathedrals of Rheims and Chartres

Front 13

Rose window

Back 13

Rose Window: is often used as a generic term applied to a circular window, but is especially used for those found in churches of the Gothic architectural style and being divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery. The name “rose window” was not used before the 17th century and according to the Oxford English Dictionary, among other authorities, comes from the English flower name rose.[1]

Front 14

Lancet

Back 14

Lancet: narrow, high window capped by a lancet, or acute, arch. The lancet arch is a variety of pointed arch in which each of the arcs, or curves, of the arch have a radius longer than the width of the arch. It takes its name from being shaped like the tip of a lance. The lancet window is one of the typical features of the Early English (13th century) period in Gothic architecture.

Front 15

Trefoil

Back 15

Trefoil: Trefoil is a term in Gothic architecture given to the ornamental foliation or cusping introduced in the heads of window-lights, tracery, panellings, etc., in which the center takes the form of a three-lobed leaf (formed from three partially-overlapping circles). One of the earliest examples is in the plate tracery at Winchester (1222 - 1235). The fourfold version of an architectural trefoil is a quatrefoil.

Front 16

Quatrefoil

Back 16

Quatrefoil: In architecture and traditional Christian symbolism, a quatrefoil is a symmetrical shape which forms the overall outline of four partially-overlapping circles of the same diameter.

Front 17

Buttress

Back 17

Buttress: is an architectural structure built against (a counterfort) or projecting from a wall which serves to support or reinforce the wall. Buttresses are fairly common on more ancient buildings, as a means of providing support to act against the lateral (sideways) forces arising out of the roof structures that lack adequate bracing.

Front 18

Flying Buttress

Back 18

Flying buttress: is a specific form of buttressing most strongly associated with Gothic church architecture. It serves to transmit the lateral forces pushing a wall outwards (which may arise from stone vaulted ceilings or from wind-loading on roofs) across an intervening space and ultimately down to the ground. Flying buttress systems have two key components - a massive vertical masonry block (the buttress) on the outside of the building and a segmental or quadrant arch bridging the gap between that buttress and the wall (the 'flyer').[1]

Front 19

Complex Rib Vaulting

Back 19

Complex Rib Vaulting: The intersection of two or three barrel vaults produces a rib vault or ribbed vault when they are edged with an armature of piped masonry often carved in decorative patterns; compare groin vault, an older form of vault construction. While the mechanics of the weight of a groin vault and its transmission outwards to the supporting pillars remained as it had been, the new use of rib vaults demonstrates the skill of the masons and the grandeur of the new ideas circulating at the introduction of Gothic architecture in the end of the eleventh century.

Front 20

Umbrella Vaulting

Back 20

Umbrella Vaulting: A vault that has ribs which fan out from a central support.

Front 21

Fan Vault

Back 21

Fan Vault: is a form of vault used in the Perpendicular Gothic style, in which the ribs are all of the same curve and spaced equidistantly, in a manner resembling a fan. The initiation and propagation of this design element is strongly associated with England.

Front 22

Choir

Back 22

Choir: is the area of a church or cathedral, usually in the western part of the chancel between the nave and the sanctuary (which houses the altar). The choir is occasionally located in the eastern part of the nave. In some monastic churches the choir occupies the western end of the nave and thus counterbalances the chancel and sanctuary.

Front 23

Lady Chapel

Back 23

Lady Chapel: is a traditional English term for a chapel inside a cathedral, basilica, or large church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. Most large medieval churches had such a chapel, as Roman Catholic and some Anglican ones still do, and middle-sized churches often had a side-altar dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Front 24

Chapter House

Back 24

Chapter House: is a building or room attached to a cathedral or collegiate church in which meetings are held. They can also be found in medieval monasteries

Front 25

Collegiate Gothic

Back 25

Collegiate Gothic: is an architectural genre, a subgenre of Gothic Revival architecture.

Front 26

Bastide

Back 26

Bastide: are fortified[1] new towns built in medieval Languedoc, Gascony and Aquitaine during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, although some authorities count Mont-de-Marsan and Montauban, which was founded in 1144,[2] as the first bastides

Front 27

Hanseatic League

Back 27

Hanseatic League: Trade agreement around Baltic Sea and North Sea

Front 28

Guild

Back 28

Guild: Trade agreement architecture surrounding markets

Front 29

Doge

Back 29

Secular leader in the republic of Venice

Front 30

Piazza

Back 30

Piazza: is a city square in Italy, Malta, along the Dalmatian coast and in surrounding regions. The term is roughly equivalent to the Spanish plaza

Front 31

Palazzo

Back 31

Palazzo: A large splendid residence or public building, such as a palace or museum.