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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Culture |
- The whole way of life of a particular society - Includes the values, norms, customs, beliefs, knowledge, skills and language of a society |
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Values |
- Ideas and beliefs that people have about what is desirable and worth striving for - Provide us with general guidelines for conduct |
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Norms |
- Similar to values but are more specific to particular situations - Tell us what is appropriate and expected behaviour in specific social settings such as classrooms, cinemas, restaurants, planes etc. - They provide order in society and allow it to function properly |
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Primary Socialisation |
- Early childhood learning during which, as babies and infants, we learn the basic behaviour patterns, language and skills that we will need in later life |
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Secondary Socialisation |
- This begins later in childhood and continues throughout our lives. Through this process we learn society's norms and values |
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Bourgeoisie |
- The capitalist class who own the means of production and private property |
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Proletariat |
- (Working Class) Own nothing but their ability to work as wage labourers |
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Secularisation |
- A process in society whereby the influence of religion aids its decline |
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Social Cohesion |
- When a society is based on this, the different individuals and groups that make up society are united into a body of citizens rather than divided by conflicting interests. |
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Social Stratification |
- The way society is structured or divided into hierarchical layers with the most privileged at the top and the least favoured at the bottom |
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Coercion |
- Obedience based on the threat or use of force |
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Authority |
- The exercise of power based on consent or agreement |
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Capitalism |
- An economic system in which private owners invest money in businesses in order to make a profit |
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Communism |
- A theory or system of social organisation in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs |
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Status |
- Social positions linked to occupations and families such as child, parent, teacher, train driver, etc. - It can also refer to the amount of prestige or social standing that an individual in a particular social position is given by other members of the group or society |
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Class Struggle |
- The gap in the resources of the bourgeoisie and proletariat would increase over times - Marx argued that this was the key to bringing about social change |
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Functionalism |
- Views society as made up of different parts that interlock and fit together |
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Marxism |
- A system of economic, social and political philosophy based on ideas that view social change in terms of economic factors |
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Feminism |
- A sociological approach which examines the ways gender operates in society against the interests of women |