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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function and adaptations of the Red Blood Cell |
Carry oxygen - biconcave shape = larger SA - small size = larger SA:V - Haemoglibin + oxygen = oxyhaemoglobin - no nucleus = more space for haemoglobin |
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What is the function and adaptations of plasma |
Carries: - Carbon dioxide, amino acids, hormones and urea - is 90% water |
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What is the function and adaptations of the white blood cell |
Fight germs - change shape to engulf pathogens (phagocytes) - release antibodies + antitoxins (lymphocytes) |
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How are arteries adapted for their job |
thick walls and elastic fibres to withstand high pressures of blood |
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What are the four Chambers of the heart |
Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle |
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What are the four main blood vessels and where do they transport blood to/from |
- Pulmonary Artery = from RV to lungs (deoxy) - Aorta = from LV around the body (oxy). LV has walls 4x thicker than the other chambers - Pulmonary Vein = from lungs to LA (oxy) - Vena Carva = from body to RA (deoxy) |
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How are veins adapted for their job |
Valves to prevent back-flow, veins squeezed by the action of Skeletal muscles for blood to flow back to heart |
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What is the function and adaptations of platelets |
Clots blood at injuries - Cell fragments |
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How are capillaries adapted for their job |
Narrow with 1 cell thick walls to allow easy diffusion of oxygen, glucose and carbon dioxide |
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How are the lungs adapted to maximise gas exchange (diffusion) |
1. To have maximum surface area: - millions of alveoli increase the surface area inside the lungs -the alveoli are round and slightly folded - a large capillary network to pick up oxygen 2. To minimise the distance across which gases have to move: - the alveoli have 1 cell thick walls - capillaries have 1 cells thick walls |
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What is the function of the leaf |
To make food (glucose) by carrying out photosynthesis |
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What is the function of the stem |
To transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves (xylem) and glucose from the leaves to the roots (phloem) |
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What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis |
- Water + carbon dioxide = glucose + oxygen - 6H2O + 6CO2 = C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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What is the function of the Palisade Mesophyll |
It's the main site of photosynthesis (this layer is on the top side of the leaf = access to sunlight) |
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What is the function of roots? |
To collect water and minerals from the soil |
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Define Coronary Heart Disease |
The Coronary artery supplies the heart muscle with blood. When this artery closes up, blood, oxygen and glucose cannot reach the heart. This means it cannot respire |
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What is the function of phloem |
To transport dissolved food (glucose) from the leaves around the plant |
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What is the function of xylem |
To transport water and dissolved mineral ions |
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How does CO2 act in the leaf |
It enters through the stomata and is able to flow freely throughout the leaf due to air spaces inside |
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What is the function of chloroplasts |
They contain chlorophyll = light absorbing chemical |
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How do the stomata work |
- Carbon dioxide enters a leaf through the stomata - these cells are also responsible for controlling the water content of the leaf - the guard cells control how wide the stomata open (if at all). - if too much water is being lost through the stomata then the guard cells will close to prevent any further loss |
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What is translocation |
The movement of dissolved sugars to the rest of the plant |
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Describe transpiration |
- As water evaporates from the leaves' surface... -... More water is pulled up from the roots to take its place... -... This constant movement of water molecules through the xylem from the roots to the leaves is called the Transpiration Stream... -... It is driven by the evaporation of water from the leaves, so anything affecting the rate of evaporation will also affect the rate of transpiration. |
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What is the function of the epidermal |
To cover the surface of the leaf and provide protection (waxy layer) |
