Apush Periods 1-5 Vocabulary

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Encomienda System

Back 1

the government gave Indians to certain colonists if they, in return, promised to Christianize them. This practice was widely used by the Spanish conquistadors.

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Columbian Exchange

Back 2

exchange between the old world and the new worldNew World receives wheat, sugar, rice, coffee, horses, cows, pigs, smallpox, measles, bubonic plague, influenza and slave labor. Old World receives gold, silver, corn, potatoes, pineapples, tomatoes, tobacco, beans, vanilla, chocolate, syphilis.

Front 3

Indentured Servitude

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Europeans were able to come to the colonies as indentured servants. They worked for a certain amount of years and after their time was up, they were supposed to be given “freedom dues”- a few barrels of corn, a suit of clothes, and perhaps a small piece of land.

Front 4

Atlantic Slave Trade

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Africans were brought overseas from western Africa to be sold in the Caribbean and the colonies.

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Pueblo Revolt (1680)

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also called the Pope’s RebellionNative Americans in New Mexico rebelled against catholic missionaries who were trying to suppress their religion and culturethe Pueblo people destroyed every Catholic Church in the area and killed hundreds of priests and Spanish settlers

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Anglicanization

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Colonists implement traditional British ways into their lifestyle such as the first son inheriting the majority, higher dependence on British imports, gentry, fashion, mansions newspapers.

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Enlightenment

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Americans rejected a vengeful God and began to accept a God that was more forgiving. Knowledge, social improvement, and overall morality became more important

Front 8

French and Indian War

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French invade and have the friendlier relations with NAs which give them the indian supportEngland and Colonies were able to win at Lake Champlain and Battle of Quebec in Canada to become victorious in the warEnded the period of salutary neglect and Britain began using the Colonies to pay off war debts

Front 9

Washington’s Farewell Address

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Warned the US against foreign entanglements especially in Europe and getting caught up in wars/conflicts

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Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

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This book was published in 1776. It inspired people to fight for independence and introduced the idea that all men are created equal with certain unalienable rights that cannot be taken away

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Declaration of Independence

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List of grievances against the British and was sent to the King The first document that separated the colonies from the homeland although the King did not recognize them as independent

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Articles of Confederation

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Original government set up after the American revolutionToo weak: didn’t give the federal government enough power over the states. Federal gov’t could not enforce state taxes so it could not pay back debts from the war. This crippled American government and economy.

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Constitution

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Official plan for the United States government Explained powers of the three branches (Judicial, Executive, Legislative) and regulated each through a system of checks and balances

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Bill of Rights

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First ten amendments of the Constitution that explain the prohibitions of Governmental power

Front 15

Northwest Ordinance (1787)

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After the revolution, but before the Articles of Confederations were ratified, states fought over the northwest territory. All of the large states wanted a piece of the territory for themselves. Others wanted the federal government to seize the area.Maryland wanted more land and refused to ratify the Articles of Confederation unless New York and Virginia gave up some of their land claims in the Northwest territoryThe conflict was resolved when Congress agreed to take control of the area as a number of “republican” states which would eventually be admitted into the Union as states of their own

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Northwest Territory

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present day Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsinthis area was disputed after the Revolution about which states would have the rights to the land

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Republican Motherhood

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Women were more important. They had to be educated so they could teach their children the proper values. It was the woman’s important responsibility to raise a good man and contribute to a successful American society.

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Federalists

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Strong central government (loose constitutional interpretation)Pro-EnglandAssumption of state debts and support of Hamilton’s national bankManufacturing was the key to success

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Democratic-Republicans

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Weak central government and strong state governments (strict interpretation)Pro-FrenchFavored strong state banksAgriculture in the South was most important

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Democrats

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Weak federal governmentOpposed gov’t spending and tariffs

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Whigs

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Strong and involved federal governmentGovernment should protect economic and social goals by funding and spending on transportation and such

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Second Great Awakening

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a revival of religion during the mid 1800sswept across the entire nation, inspiring many to “find” religion evangelicalism women played a large role in the religious revival

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Romanticism

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Movement of arts and literature in the late 1700s focusing on logic and the individual

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Market Revolution

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The large advancement of technology era beginning in the late 1700s with the invention of the cotton ginThis revolutionized the way were crops were produced and the mass in which they were purchased

Front 25

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

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Thomas Jefferson buys Louisiana from FranceSome saw it as an abuse of power by president

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Missouri Compromise (1820)

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To admit Missouri as a slave state they must create Maine as a free stateThis makes people think about the slavery problem and foreshadows conflict Henry Clay

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Manifest Destiny

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idea that Americans had a God given right to expand and settle the entire continent of North America, bringing Christianity with them

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Mexican War (1846-1848)

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Texas (under Mexico) allowed for Americans to settle a piece of land as long as they became Mexican citizens and converted religionMany Americans accepted, but got unhappy fairly quickly (Come on, who likes mexico)Texas gained independence from Mexico and the US looked to annex itSanta Anna took the Mexican presidency and crossed Polk when he promised to quickly end the war favorable to the US when he invaded shortly afterUS dominated the war, and got all of Cali, Texas, and all land north of the Rio Grande River

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Civil War (1861-1865)

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South secedes from the Union and gets Robert E. LeeConfederate bombing of Fort Sumter allowed the Union to attack and fight their war while gaining the support of Britain because they were not the aggressors

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Nativism

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Following the Civil War, the first wave of opposition to immigrants occurredPeople try to protect the native heritage over the new wave of immigrants with outside cultures and different ideas than their nation’s norm

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Abolitionism

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Opposers of slaveryWant an immediate end to slavery Considered radical for the time

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Nullification

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South Carolina refused to accept the tariffs of 1828 and 1832They expressed their power as an individual state to nullify a federal law in their state onlyIt was clear that any act of force to enforce the tariff would make South Carolina secede

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Compromise of 1850

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Dealt with the Utah Territory and New Mexico Territory as well as California which were all obtained from the Mexican War. Balance had to be maintained for free and slave states.Henry ClayCalifornia was a free state. New Mexico and Utah would be decided through popular sovereignty. Slave trade (But not slavery) was abolished in Washington D.C. A new, more strict Fugitive Slave Law was put in place

Front 34

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

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Dealt with whether or not Kansas and Nebraska would be free or slave statesIt is decided that it will be left up to popular sovereignty This repeals the Missouri Compromise which prohibited slavery above the 36 latitude lineSettlers rushed from North and South to settle the area so they could vote and determine if the states would be free or slaveThere was a lot of violence surrounding the issue

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Dred Scott Decision

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Dred Scott was a freed slave who had lived on free soil for a long period of time. When his master died he was told he had to return to slavery. Scott sued for his freedom but the court decided that since he was technically property and not a citizen, he could not sue.

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Republican Party

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Party of Abraham LincolnOpposed slavery extension, supported transcontinental railroad, and supported protective tariff

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Abraham Lincoln

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Republican President of the Union during the Civil WarSouth outraged when he won in 1860At first hesitant about abolition and wanted gradual freeingDelivers the Gettysburg Address, giving the Civil War new meaning- freedom and equality for all

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Emancipation Proclamation

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FREES SLAVES!!!Only in states opposing US in the war tho (North and undecided still fair game)

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Reconstruction (1865-1877)

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Time of US history following the Civil War where the Union was trying to make everything go back to normal and admit the South back into the Union.Failed to assimilate blacks in the South. Many African Americans were left in the South in poor conditions.

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Radical Republicans

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Wanted immediate abolition of all slaves in US

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13th Amendement

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freed slaves

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14th amendment

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gives slaves all rights that all free men have

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15th amendement

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African Americans given the right to vote