Apush Chapter 7 Vocab

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John Hancock

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Wealthy president of the Continental Congress and "King of the Smugglers."

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Lord North

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British parliamentary government head (Tory Prime Minister) at time of American Revolution.

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George Grenville

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British minister who raised a storm of protest by passing the Stamp Act, after a lot of other Acts.

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Samuel Adams

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Zealous defender of the common people's rights and organizer of underground propaganda committees, like the Committees of Correspondence; architect of American Revolution. (mainly by manipulation)

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Charles Townshend

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“Champagne Charley" Townshend, passed the Townshend Acts which was a clever move to impose taxes secretly, but still angered colonists.

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John Adams

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Played an influential role making the First Continental Congress viable.

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Crispus Attucks

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Alleged African American leader of radical protesters killed in Boston Massacre.

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Marquis de Lafeyette

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A nineteen-year-old major general from France that played a key role in the Revolutionary army.

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King George III

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Leader of the British Monarchy that allowed many of the famous Acts to pass in Parliament.

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Baron von Steuben

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German organizational genius who turned raw colonial recruits into tough professional soldiers.

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Mercantilism

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Basic economic and political theory by which 17th and 18th-century European powers governed their overseas colonies which held that colonial economy should be carefully controlled to serve the mother country's needs.

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"No Taxation without Representation"

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Reflected the resentment of American colonists at being taxed by a British Parliament to which they elected no representatives and became an anti-British slogan before the American Revolution.

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Nonimportation Agreement

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Against the Stamp Act; politically important because it aroused revolutionary fervor among many ordinary American men and women by making their own goods.

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Royal Veto

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Reserved the right for British Parliament to nullify any legislation by the colonial assemblies that worked against British mercantilism.

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Internal/External Taxation

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Internal tax was based on strictly colonial affairs, while external tax based on mercantile system. Stamp Act was internal taxation by the British, thus disliked.

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Virtual Representation

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British governmental theory that Parliament spoke for all British subjects, including Americans, even if they did not vote for its members.

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Boycott

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Effective form of organized colonial resistance against the Stamp Act. Shunned British goods, but made homespun clothing fashionable.

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Board of Trade

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An English legislative body, based in London, that was instituted for the governing and economic controlling of the American colonies. It lacked many powers, but kept the colonies functioning under the mercantile system while its influence lasted.

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Sons of Liberty

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Male organizations that enforced the non-importation agreements, sometimes by coercive means.

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Quebec Act

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Aroused intense American fears because it extended Catholic jurisdiction (guaranteeing free practice) and a non-jury judicial system into the western Ohio country.

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Navigation Acts

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Set of Parliamentary laws, first passed in 1650, that restricted colonial trade and directed it to benefit Britain.

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Declaratory Act

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Passed after the Stamp act was repealed, reaffirmed Parliament’s right “to bind” the
colonies “in all cases whatsoever.” It restarted trade in England, was well as stopped the rebellions on taxes on stamps.

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First Continental Congress

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Body led by John Adams that issued a Declaration of Rights and organized "The Association" to boycott all British goods.

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Sugar Act

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The first law ever passed by Parliament. The act was put in place for raising revenue in the colonies for the crown. It increased the duties on foreign sugar, mainly from the West Indies.

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Townshend Acts

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A light import duty passed by Charles Townshend. The acts met slight protest from the colonists, who found ways around the taxes such as buying smuggled tea. Due to its minute profits, the Townshend Acts were repealed in 1770.

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Quartering Act

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Legislation that required colonists to feed and shelter British troops; was disobeyed in New York and elsewhere.

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Boston Massacre

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The first bloodshed of the American Revolution, as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans.

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The Association

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A document produced by the Continental Congress in 1775 that called for a complete boycott of British goods. It was hoped to bring back the days before Parliamentary taxation.

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The Stamp Act

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George Grenville imposed this measure to raise revenue in support of the new military force. It mandated the use of stamped paper or the affixing of stamps, certifying payment of the tax.

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Committees of Correspondence

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Samuel Adams started the first committee in Boston in 1772 to spread propaganda and secret information by way of letters. They were used to sustain opposition to British policy and were extremely effective. A few years later almost every colony had one.

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Hessians

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German soldiers hired by King George III to smash Colonial rebellion, proved good in mechanical sense but they were more concerned about money than duty.

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Admiralty Courts

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Hated British courts in which juries were not allowed and defendants were assumed guilty until proven innocent.

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Boston Tea Party

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A 1773 protest in which colonists dressed as Indians dumped British tea into Boston harbor. British responded by closing the port of Boston until damages were paid and order was restored.

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Loyalists

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American colonists who remained loyal to the British Empire and the British monarchy during the American Revolutionary War.

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Stamp Act Congress

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A meeting held in NYC with delegates from 9 out of the 13 colonies which wrote their grievances to England to repeal the act. It made a little impact on both America and England, but began to unite the colonies.

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Intolerable Acts

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Acts passed in 1774, following the Boston Tea Party, that were considered unfair because they were designed to chastise Boston in particular, yet effected all the colonies by the Boston Port Act which closed Boston Harbor until damages were paid.

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"Continental"

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The currency printed by the Continental Congress that quickly became inflated and worthless.