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159 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did production outpaceing demand lead to in 1927? |
A recession |
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How did some people get the money to invest in the stock market? |
Borrowed it |
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What is this called |
Buying on margin |
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What did the upswing in stock prices do to the mindset of most americans? |
Created false belief that prices would never go down;stock watching became national obsession |
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What famous quote about the future of stocks cane fron the wall street journal in the summer of 1929? |
"The outlook for the fall monthd seems brighter than at any time" |
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What is black Thursday? |
October 24, 1929-investors began to sell; some stocks lost half their value |
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Who stepped in the stabilize prices? |
Bankers |
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What was balck tuesday |
October 29, 1929-stocks collapsed; great depression begins |
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Name 6 causes of the stock market collapse |
Speculation, margin buying, excessive credit, overproduction, weK fark economy, and global economic problems |
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Name some effects of the great depression |
Banks suffered losses, factories reduced production, unemployment rose |
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How high did unemployment reach by 1932 |
25% |
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What high tariff did congress pass in 1930? |
The hawley-smoot tariff-average of 49% |
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Why was the hawley smoot tariff passed? |
To protect us buisnesses |
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What did other countries then do to us goods |
They raised tariffs on us |
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What were the physical and mental effecrs of the depression |
Families lived in boxes, people stealing bread lines, suicide rates increased, families lost their homes to foreclosure, businesses failed, divorce rates increased |
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What segment of society was hit the hardest |
Black Americans that migrated North to take factory jobs were the first to be laid off |
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What were men and boys called that traveled around the country looking for work |
Hobos |
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What were makeshift shantytowns renamed |
Hoovervilles |
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What was President Hoover's initial response to the depression |
He rejected government intervention, he wanted Business Leaders to take some action |
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Who else did Hoover expect to help |
Charities and local governments |
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What did Hoover Anchorage average citizens to do to help |
Volunteer to help others |
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Eventually Hoover decided that the federal government needed to step in and help. His first attempt to help was the Federal Farm board. Describe this |
This board loan money to farm cooperative which bought crop surpluses in order to raise prices |
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What public work project was initiated in 1930 |
The Hoover Dam or Boulder Dam |
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What was the purpose of the Boulder Dam/ Hoover Dam |
The water could be used for irrigation flood control and Electric Power |
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Describe the RFC |
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation 1932 provided money for banks, Insurance corporations, and railroads in order to prevent bankruptcies |
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What act outlawed yellow dog contracts (forbade Union memberships) as well as outline injunctions to prevent strikes |
The Norris - la guardia anti-injunction Act of 1932 |
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Hoover agreed to provide financial assistance to businesses but not to individuals what did he say should replace government assistance for the unemployed |
Rugged individualism |
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Hoover pushed for a moratorium on international debts owed to the US. Explain |
The Depression was world wide and countries could not pay |
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What was the final straw that hurt Hoover's popularity in 1932 |
His handling of the Bonus Army |
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What was this Bonus Army |
20 mm veterans from World War II that marched DC to demand their bonuses which route to be paid in 1945 |
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What did the Senate do in response to the Bonus Army |
They rejected the request for early payments of the bonus |
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Did the veterans return home |
All the 5000 did ;the rest stayed in DC and lived in Huts along the Potomac River |
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Who did Hoover send to evict these veterans |
Douglas MacArthur |
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How were the veterans |
They burned their tents and used tear gas |
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Was anyone injured |
Two veterans were shot and killed, two infants died from gas, and an 11 week old baby was injured from gas |
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How did this event harm Hoover's reputation |
He was seen as heartless and this contributed to his loss and 1932 |
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What territory did Japan invade in 1931 |
Manchuria |
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What did the u.s. do in response |
Hoover declared an isolationist policy, the action was condemned but the US did not respond |
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What u.s. doctrine declared that the US would not recognize any territory gained by Force |
The Hoover Stimson Doctrine 1932 |
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What was the Japanese reaction to this Doctrine |
Anger, they said the US had conquered territory themselves |
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Did Japan seize their aggressive expansionism |
No, they bombed Shanghai in 1932 |
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Describe the election of 1932 |
FDR won by a landslide |
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What illness did FDR suffer from at the age of 39 |
Polio |
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What famous line did FDR other in his acceptance speech during the Democratic Convention in 1932 |
I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people |
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Describe the shift with black voters |
Black voters had always voted Republican but shifted to the Democratic party in 1932 |
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Describe FDR's wife |
Eleanor, the niece of TR, campaign for FDR, writer, leader for causes for women, children, the poor, and black Americans. |
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Describe the 20th Amendment |
Moved the inauguration day to January 20th FDR was the first to be inaugurated on this new day in 1936 |
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Describe the 21st Amendment |
Repeal on prohibition |
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What famous line did FDR odor during his first inauguration |
The only thing to fear is fear itself nameless unreasoning unjustified Terror |
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What was FDR's Administration / advisors called |
Brain Trust |
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Who was the Secretary of State |
Cordell Hull |
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Who was the Secretary of Labor |
Frances Perkins, first female cabinet member |
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Who was the Secretary of the Interior |
Harold ickes |
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Who was his closest advisor |
Harry Hopkins |
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What was the name of FDR's plan to end the Depression |
New Deal |
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What were his three R' s |
Relief, recovery, reform |
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What did FDR ask Congress for |
Broad executive power to wage war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe |
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What did FDR close on his first full day of office March 5th 1933 |
All US Banks |
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What did FDR call this Bank closure |
A bank holiday |
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Why did he do this |
To restore confidence in Banks and to ensure that each Bank was strong and stable |
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Did most banks reopen |
Yes |
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What were FDR's radio talks to the American people called |
Fireside Chats |
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What was his first fireside chat |
His explanation of the bank holiday |
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Did the bank holiday reassure Americans |
Yes, they deposited more money then they withdrew |
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What did the Emergency Banking Relief act do |
The treasury Department began inspecting Banks |
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What were the first 100 days |
During FDR's first 100 days, Congress passed 15 of FDR's New Deal programs |
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What quote from FDR illustrates his approach to the New Deal |
If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something. |
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How many phases of the New Deal were there |
2 |
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Why did FDR feel the second new deal was necessary |
Many of his first New Deal programs had been ruled as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court so he tried to replace them |
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What did FDR do regarding gold in 1933 |
He took the US off gold standard and it became illegal to even own gold |
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Why did FDR take the US off the gold standard |
He wanted more paper money in circulation to cause inflation which he hoped would stimulate businesses |
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What act prevented Banks from selling stock or financing corporations |
The glass-steagall Banking Act of 1933 |
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What was the FDIC and what did it to |
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, ensure you get your money up to $2,500 |
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What is the SEC |
Security Exchange Commission, protects against fraud deception and insider trading of stock market |
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What was the AAA |
Agricultural adjustment act, limited Farm production, raised crop prices, animals were purchased and then slaughtered |
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What were Oklahomans called that moved to California |
Okies |
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What were arkansans called that moved to California |
A r k i e s |
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How are these people treated in California |
They were discriminated against |
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What was the CCC |
The Civilian Conservation Corps, 2 million young men worked in conservation type jobs, they were paid $30 a month of which 25 had to be sent home |
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What was the area called in the Midwest that was barren |
The Dust Bowl |
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What was the fera |
Federal emergency relief Administration |
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What was the CWA |
Civil Works Administration |
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What was the NRA |
National Recovery Administration |
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Companies that voluntarily participated in with the NRA could display what |
A Blue Eagle stamp on all of its products, this why is a symbol of patriotism |
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What did critics say |
It look like the Nazi eagle |
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How did the NRA become a bureaucratic mess |
It favored large companies at the expense of small companies |
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What was the pwa |
Public Works Administration |
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What was the TVA |
Tennessee Valley Authority |
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What was the FCC |
The Federal Communication Commission |
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What was the FHA |
The federal Housing Authority |
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What act repealed the Dawes Act of 1887 |
The Indian reorganization Act |
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What was the nlrb |
National Labor Relations Board |
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What Act created this board |
The Wagner Act |
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What union was created for unskilled labor |
The CIO, Congress of industrial organizations |
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Who created the CIO |
John L Lewis |
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What type of strike did the CIO organized at the GM plant in Flint Michigan in 1936 |
A sit-down strike |
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What other organization did the CIO break from in 1938 |
The AFL |
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According to the National Labor Relations Board why would management be forced to negotiate with a union |
If the majority of their workers voted for a union to represent them the management had to negotiate with the Union |
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How did this law affect the unions |
It Revitalize them after the 1920s hurt them |
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What was the WPA |
Works progress Administration |
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What was the Nya |
National Youth Administration |
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What was the Rea |
The rural electrification Administration |
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What creative retirement plan for all Americans |
Social Security |
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Who else was aided other than retirees |
Disabled and children |
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How is Social Security Finance |
Buy a payroll tax deducted from paychecks |
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What was the revenue act of 1935? |
Raised income tax, inheritance tax, gift tax, and capital gains tax |
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What philosophy did this reverse |
Andrew mellons trickle down economics |
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Who was the most famous photographer of the depression |
Dorothea lange |
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What was the fair labor standards act? |
Established 40 cent/hr minimum wage and maximun hours, prohibited child labor |
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What two groups critized fdr for his new deal? |
Conseritives for going too far and liberals for not doing enough |
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What conservative group advocated a laissez - faire approach |
The american liberty leauge |
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What literary novolist almost won governorship of california |
Upton sinclair |
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What was his campaign plan? |
Epic : end poverty in california |
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What catholic priest had a popular radio program in Detroit? |
Father chalres coughlin |
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What did he believe about capitalism? |
He stated that capitalisn was dead and he favores a guarenteed income for all americans |
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What caused a decline in his radio audience |
He became anit-sematic and strong facist |
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What medical doctor favored a pension for all elderly people |
Dr. Francis townsend |
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Discribe the townsend plan |
Everyone over 60 recieve $200 a month check which had to be spent within thirty days |
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How would the towsend plan be funded? |
National sales tax |
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What louisiana governor developed a plan that would confinscate all income over $1 million and assets over $5 million |
Huey long |
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What was longs plan called |
The share of wealth plan |
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What would this money be used for |
Every person would be given a 5000 dollar house and a 2500 dollar income |
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What eventually happened to long? |
He was assassinated by a rival politicians son in law |
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Name 5 major consquenses of the new deal |
•fed govt power grew tremendously •power of the president grew tremendously •deficit spending occured •no gold standard •union membership and popularity grew |
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What is deficit spending? |
When govt spends more than they bring in |
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Were new programs discriminatory |
Yes |
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What percentage of black voters who voted in 1936 voted for fdr |
75 |
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Why did this switch occur |
Fdr did not totally support civil rights for blacks but he did more than any other president since lincoln |
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What was fdr's black cabinet |
Unofficial cabinet |
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What black female worked with the nya founded bethune cookman college |
Mary mcleod bethune |
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What black singer was banned from DAR concert in dc |
Marian anderson |
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Who organized a concert for anderson at the lincoln memorial |
Eleanor roosevelt and harold ickes |
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Who was fdrs closest advisor? |
Harry hopkins |
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Did the new deal help hispanic americans |
Not much, they recieved a few benefits |
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Did the new deal help native americans |
Yes - the indian reorganization act of 1934 established schools on reservations |
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Did the new deal aid women? |
Somewhat, but not equal to male benefits |
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Who campaigned for equal treatment if women |
Eleanor roosevelt |
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Did fdr help women during the great depression |
Somewhat, he hired francis perkins and appointed women for the first time |
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Who ran against fdr in 1936 |
Repm alf landon |
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Was the elction of 1936 close? |
No fdr won by a landslide (523-8) |
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Describe fdr's court packing bill |
When a supreme court justice reaches the age of 70, the president can add 1 new justice. Total of 15 |
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What instigated this plan? |
Fdr was angered when the supreme court ruled 9 of his programs unconstitutional |
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Did his plan ever take effect |
No |
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What did the court packing plan do to his reputation |
It hurt it, he seemed desperate |
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What was the economic theory if john maynard keynes |
Deficit apending could only be used to "prime the pump" of the economy |
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Was fdr's second term effective? |
No |
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What occured in 1937 |
A recession |
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By 1938 what did fdr ask congress to do? |
Provide $3.75 billion for american relief |
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What year does the new deal end? Why? |
1938 reps picked up 81 seats in the house and had 8 in the senate |
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Did the new deal end the depression? |
No |
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What did end the depression |
WWll in 1941 |
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Name some of the famous movies of the 30s |
Wizard of oz, snow white, gone with the wind |
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What percentage of homes had a radio in the 30s |
90% |
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What radio program scared americans into thinking a martian raid was occuring |
The war of the worlds |
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What gernan zepplin caught fire while landing in nj in 1937 resulting in 36 deaths |
Hindenburg |
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What was grants woods famous painting of a farmer and his daughter? |
American gothic |
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What novel depicted the okies struggles in california |
John steinbeck's the grapes of wrath |
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What was the "sick chicken" case |
Schechter poultry v. Us |
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How did the supreme court rule on the schechter poultry v us case |
Ruled for schecter, nra was rejected |
