A&p Test

Front 1

Skin may be one of the most underestimated organs in the body. List six functions your skin performs while it is "just laying there".

Back 1

1. Temperature regulation

2. Protection of underlying tissues

3. Retardation of water loss

4. Housing sensory receptors

5. Synthesizing certain chemicals

6. Excreting wastes

Front 2

The outer layer of the skin is the _______.

Back 2

The epidermis

Front 3

The inner layer of the skin is the _______.

Back 3

The dermis

Front 4

Which layer of the skin is the thickest?

Back 4

The dermis

Front 5

What is the subcutaneous layer also called?

Back 5

The hypodermis

Front 6

Most numerous cell type, this cell produces keratin which helps to waterproof skin.

Back 6

Keratinocytes

Front 7

This type of cell produces the pigments which give skin its color.

Back 7

Melanocytes

Front 8

The epidermis is _________, that is that it has no blood supply of its own, similar to epithelial tissue.

Back 8

Stratified squamous

Front 9

What are sweat glands also called?

Back 9

Sudoriferous glands

Front 10

If this gland's duct becomes blocked by sebum, it can lead to acne.

Back 10

Sebaceous glands

Front 11

Present in the axillary and genital areas of body and function during puberty.

Back 11

Apocrine glands

Front 12

Uncontrolled cell growth

Back 12

Cancer

Front 13

A fungus infection that invades and lives off of the dead outer layers of the skin.

Back 13

Athlete's foot

Front 14

A sometimes hereditary, chronic condition characterized by reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales.

Back 14

Psoriasis

Front 15

An inflammatory condition of infected sebaceous glands.

Back 15

Acne

Front 16

Tissue injury caused by thermal, electrical, chemical or radioactive sources.

Back 16

Burns

Front 17

The layer of the skin that lacks blood vessels.

Back 17

Epidermis

Front 18

The dermis contains:

Back 18

1. Hair follicles

2. Sebaceous glands

3. Nerves

Front 19

The color of the skin depends upon:

Back 19

1. Whether the blood within the skin is well oxygenated.

2. The number of underlying blood vessels.

3. The kind and amount of pigment.

Front 20

Which layer of the epidermis would be gradually shed through bathing?

Back 20

Stratum corneum

Front 21

The amount of melanin produced in the skin is determined by the:

Back 21

Activity of melanocytes

Front 22

Which epidermal layer is closest to a blood supply?

Back 22

Stratum basale

Front 23

What layer of tissue is unique to the hands and feet?

Back 23

Stratum lucidum

Front 24

The subcutaneous layer of the skin or hypodermis is located where?

Back 24

Beneath the dermis

Front 25

The dermis is composed largely of:

Back 25

Fibrous connective tissue

Front 26

The cells that produce the shaft of a hair are:

Back 26

Epithelial cells

Front 27

When the blood vessels in the dermis contract or constrict...

Back 27

Body heat is conserved

Front 28

The dermis is usually thicker than the _____.

Back 28

Epidermis

Front 29

The epidermis is composed of _______.

Back 29

Stratified squamous epithelium

Front 30

What contains sweat glands and sebaceous glands?

Back 30

The dermis

Front 31

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface...

Back 31

They tend to die

Front 32

The skin functions to:

Back 32

1. Retard water loss from deeper tissues.

2. Protect underlying organs.

3. Regulate body temperature.

Front 33

What is a method for helping prevent pressure (decubitus) ulcer formation?

Back 33

Frequent position changes

Front 34

Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located in the ______.

Back 34

Dermis

Front 35

Pressure ulcers are usually associated with skin overlying _______.

Back 35

Bony projections

Front 36

Acne is a disorder involving the ________.

Back 36

Sebaceous glands

Front 37

In healthy skin, the production of epidermal cells is closely balanced with the loss of ______.

Back 37

Skin cells

Front 38

The outermost layer of the epidermis is the _______.

Back 38

Stratum corneum

Front 39

The innermost layer of the epidermis is the _______.

Back 39

Stratum basale

Front 40

Skin and hair color is determined by:

Back 40

Genetics and melanin

Front 41

What is responsible for "goose bumps"?

Back 41

The arrector pili muscle

Front 42

_______ is the normal response to a wound.

Back 42

Inflammation

Front 43

Oil glands

Back 43

Sebaceous glands

Front 44

The pigment produced by melanocytes.

Back 44

Melanin

Front 45

The _______ tissue of the hypodermis acts as a heat insulator.

Back 45

Adipose

Front 46

As the nail is formed it grows over and lies on the area known as the _______.

Back 46

Nail bed

Front 47

Sweat glands release their secretions through tiny ______ onto the surface of the skin.

Back 47

Pores

Front 48

A whitish, half-moon shaped area at the base of the nail, called the ________, is the growing region of the nail.

Back 48

Lunula

Front 49

The epidermis and the dermis are separated by a thin ________.

Back 49

Basement membrane

Front 50

Every hair develops from a group of ________.

Back 50

Epidermal cells

Front 51

Every hair develops from a group of epidermal cells at the base of a tube-like depression called a ________.

Back 51

Hair follicle

Front 52

What is responsible for giving nails their hardness?

Back 52

Keratin

Front 53

A bundle of smooth muscle cells.

Back 53

Arrector pili muscle

Front 54

Sweat glands

Back 54

Sudoriferous glands

Front 55

Glands that respond to body temperature.

Back 55

Epocrine and apocrine glands

Front 56

Released in the brain that provides natural pain control.

Back 56

Endorphins

Front 57

Blonde and red hair have this.

Back 57

Pheomelanin

Front 58

Found in dark hair.

Back 58

Eumelanin

Front 59

The most actively growing region of the nail root

Back 59

Lunula

Front 60

A scar.

Back 60

Keloid

Front 61

Tissue response to stress that causes blood vessel dilation and fluid accumulation in the affected region.

Back 61

Inflammation

Front 62

Tissue response to stress that causes blood vessel dilation and fluid accumulation in the affected region.

Back 62

Inflammation

Front 63

Tissue response to stress that causes blood vessel dilation and fluid accumulation in the affected region.

Back 63

Inflammation

Front 64

A portion of the brain.

Back 64

Hypothalamus

Front 65

The subcutaneous layer.

Back 65

Hypodermis

Front 66

Respond to temperature differences.

Back 66

Thermoreceptors

Front 67

Respond to changes in pressure or movement.

Back 67

Mechanoreceptors

Front 68

Respond to light energy (rods and cones in the retina of the eyes).

Back 68

Photoreceptors

Front 69

Small fluid filled blisters that itch and sting.

Back 69

Cold Sores

Front 70

Fever blisters that are caused by herpes simples infection.

Back 70

Cold Sores

Front 71

Cancerous

Back 71

Malignant

Front 72

Non-Cancerous

Back 72

Benign

Front 73

Itching, redness, and swelling of the skin, progressing to blistering.

Back 73

Contact Dermatitis

Front 74

Caused by exposure of the skin to chemicals like poison ivy and poison oak that provoke allergic responses.

Back 74

Contact Dermatitis

Front 75

Pink, water-filled raised lesions that develop a yellow crust and eventually rupture.

Back 75

Impetigo

Front 76

Caused by a highly contagious staphylococcus infection.

Back 76

Impetigo

Front 77

An abnormal yellow skin tone usually indicates a liver disorder in which excess bile pigments are absorbed into the blood, circulated throughout the body, and deposited in body tissues.

Back 77

Jaundice

Front 78

Restriction of blood supply to the skin that results in cell death, and if severe or prolonged, ulcers.

Back 78

Decubitus ulcer

Front 79

Occurs in bedridden patients who are not turned regularly.

Back 79

Decubitus ulcer

Front 80

3rd Degree Burns

Back 80

• Destroy the entire thickness of the skin.
• Appears gray-white or blackened.
• Nerve endings are destroyed so the burn is not painful.
• Regeneration is not possible.
• Skin grafting must be done to cover the underlying exposed tissues.

Front 81

Least malignant and most common caner. Full cure rate in 99% of patients.

Back 81

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Front 82

Believe to be sun induced. If it is caught early and removed surgically, there is a good chance of a complete cure.

Back 82

Squamous Cell

Carcinoma

Front 83

The two sides of the

pigmented spot of mole do not match.

Back 83

Asymmetry

Front 84

The borders of the lesion are not smooth but exhibit indentations.

Back 84

Border Irregularity

Front 85

The pigmented spot

contains areas of

different colors.

Back 85

Color

Front 86

The spot is larger than 6mm in diameter (size of a pencil eraser).

Back 86

Diameter

Front 87

What does the ABCD rule depend on?

Back 87

• Asymmetry
• Border Irregularity
• Color
• Diameter

Front 88

The subcutaneous layer.

Back 88

Hypodermis

Front 89

Result of an overly

aggressive healing

process that may affect mobility. Extends

beyond the original

injury.

Back 89

Keloid

Front 90

What are some possible treatments for keloid scars?

Back 90

Surgical removal or

injections with steroids

Front 91

Itchy fungal infection of the toes.

Back 91

Athlete's Foot

Front 92

Is composed of loose connective tissue and insulating adipose

tissue. It binds the skin to underlying organs and contains the blood vessels that supply the skin.

Back 92

Subcutaneous Layer (Hypodermis)