A&p Lab Midterm

Front 1

What is Anatomical Position

Back 1

Body standing in a state of extension

Feet slightly apart

Hands supinated

Front 2

Define the anatomic locations and positions

-Anterior

-Posterior

-Superior

-Inferior

Back 2

Anterior - Front of the body

Posterior - Back of the body

Superior - Toward the head

Inferior - away from the head

Front 3

Define the anatomic locations and positions

-Medial

-Lateral

-Intermediate

Back 3

Medial - Toward the midline of the body

Lateral - away from the midline of the body

Intermediate - Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

Front 4

Define these anatomic locations and positions

-Proximal

-Distal

-Superficial

-Deep

Back 4

Proximal - Closer to the origin of body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Distal - Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Superficial - Toward or at the body surface

Deep - Away from the body surface; more internal

Front 5

Distinguish Each Body Planes

Back 5

Front 6

Name the 4 articulating surfaces

Back 6

Condyle
Facet
Head
Trochlea

Front 7

Describe each articulating surfaces

Back 7

Condyle-large, smooth round articulating oval structure
Facet-small, flat shallow articulating surface
Head-prominent rounded epiphysis
Trochlea-smooth grooved pulley like articular process

Front 8

What are the 3 main types of depressions on bone

Back 8

Alveolus - Deep pit or socket in the maxillae or mandible

Fossa - Flattened or shallow depression

Sulcus - Narrow Groove

Front 9

Name the C.E.L. Projections for tendon and ligament attachment

Back 9

Crest - Narrow, prominent, ridgelike projection

Epicondyle - Projection adjacent to a condyle

Line - Low ridge

Front 10

Name the P.R.S. Projections for tendon and ligament attachment

Back 10

Process - Any marked bone prominence

Ramus - Angular extension of a bone relative to the rest of the structure

Spine - Pointed slender process

Front 11

Name the 3 T's in Projections for tendon and ligament attachment

Back 11

Trochanter - Massive rough projection found only in femur

Tubercle - Small round projection

Tuberosity - Large rough projection

Front 12

Describe the 4 Openings and spaces in bone markings

Back 12

Canal - Passageway through a bone

Fissure - Narrow, slitlike opening through a bone

Foramen - Rounded passageway though a bone

Sinus - Cavity or hollow space

Front 13

What are the main parts of Bone and identify them in a long bone

Back 13

Front 14

What are the main functions of bone

Back 14

-Support Soft tissue

-Protects internal organs

-Blood cell production

-Movement

Front 15

How are bones classified?

Back 15

According to their shape

Long

Short

Flat

Irregular

Sesamoid

Front 16

Examples of long bones

Back 16

Femur

Tibia

Humerus

Ulna

Radius

Front 17

Examples of short bones

Back 17

Carpals

Tarsals

Front 18

Examples of irregular bones

Back 18

Vertebrae

Sacrum

Coccyx

Front 19

Examples of Flat bone

Back 19

Sternum

Scapulae

Ribs

Pelvis

Front 20

Examples of Sesamoid bone

Back 20

Patella

Front 21

What are the 4 properties of muscle tissue

Back 21

Contractility

Excitablility

Extensibility

Elasticity`

Front 22

Define agonist muscle

Back 22

Muscle or group of muscles responsible for action and movement

Front 23

Define antagonist muscle

Back 23

The opposing group of muscles to the agonist. They relax in order for the agonist to complete the movement and contract to act as a brake to the completed movement

Front 24

Define synergist muscle

Back 24

Prevents unwanted movement and also acts as fixators or stabilizers

Front 25

What movements do the sternoclavicular joint allow?

Back 25

Elevation/Depression

Protraction/Retraction

Anterior and Posterior Rotation

Front 26

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint

Back 26

Synovial saddle joint

Front 27

What are the Ligaments of the Sternoclavicular joint?

Back 27

Interclavicular ligament

Costoclavicular ligament

Sternoclavicular ligament

Front 28

Describe the 2 S.C. Ligaments

Back 28

Interclavicular - Limits SUP and LAT displacement of clavicle

Costoclavicular - Main support. Limits all ROM except depression

Sternoclavicular - Limits ANT and POS glide of clavicle

Front 29

Explain and describe the Acromioclavicular Joint

Back 29

Synovial plane joint

Restricts over arm movements

Front 30

What are the Ligaments of the Acro-clavi joint

Back 30

Coracoclavicular

Acromioclavicular

Coracoacromial

Front 31

Explain the functions of each Acro-clavi joint

Back 31

Coracoclavicular - Primary restraint to vertical displacement

Acromioclavicular - Prevents separation of clavicle and scapula

Coracoacromial - Forms roof over glenohumoral joint -- protection for bursa and supraspinatus tendon -- Provides limit to superior humeral head movement

Front 32

Describe and explain Glenohumeral joint and its ROM

Back 32

Synovial ball and socket joint

Flexion/Extension

Abduction/Adduction

Medial/Lateral Rotation

Circumduction

Front 33

What are the ligaments of the Glen-humeral joint?

Back 33

Coracohumeral ligament

Superior/Middle/Inferior glenhumeral ligament

Front 34

Explain the functions of each glen-humeral ligament

Back 34

Front 35

What are the elbow joints?

Back 35

Humeroulnar

Humeroradial

Radioulnar

Front 36

What types of movements do the elbow joint allow?

Back 36

Flexion/Extension

Supination/Pronation

Front 37

Identify the ligaments of the elbow

Back 37

Front 38

What are the joints of the axial region

Back 38

Atlanto-occipital joint

Atlantoaxial joint

Facet Joints (Zygapophyseal)

Invertebral Disc joints

Lumbosacral Joint

Front 39

What movements are allowed for the trunk

Back 39

Flexion (sagittal)

Extension (sagittal)

Rotation (transverse)

Lateral flexion (frontal)

Front 40

What are the ligaments of the Axial region?

Back 40

ANT and POST longitudinal ligament

Ligamenta flava

Interspinous ligament

Supraspinous ligament

Front 41

Describe the ant and post longitudinal lig and its function

Back 41

Ribbon like ligaments

Attach at vertebral bodies and annulus

Function - Anterior resists excessive extension -- Posterior resists excessive flexion

Front 42

Describe and explain ligamenta flava

Back 42

connects laminae of vertebrae

80% elastin 20% collagen

Function

-limits flexion

-Highly elastic

-Elastin prevents buckling into spinal canal during extension

Front 43

Describe and explain the function of interspinous ligament

Back 43

-Connects adjacent posterior spines

-Large angle of obliquity

Function

-Limits flexion

-Helps facet joints stay in contact

Front 44

Describe and explain the function of the supraspinous ligament

Back 44

Connects the tips of spinous processes

Function

-Resists excessive flexion