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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
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9. Pathway of transmission (structures) of sperm from testis to the urethra. |
Seminiferous Tubules > Straight Tubules > Rete Testes > Efferent Ducts > Ductus Epididymis > Ductus Vas Deferens > Seminole Vesicles (glands) > Ejaculatory Duct > Through the prostate glands > Prosthetic Urethra > Receives substances from bulbourethral glands > Urethra |
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2. Erectile tissues in male genitalia. |
•Three masses erectile tissue 1. Corpus Cavernosa (1st 2 erectile tissues) 2. Corpus Spngiosum (3rd erectile tissue) |
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Penis Functions |
Passageway semen & urine |
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10. Parts of the penis : Regions |
•Regions –Root –Body - Neck - Prepuce (foreskin) - Glans - External Urethra Meatus |
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14. Epithelial lining of the female genital tract. |
Simple Squamous Epithelium |
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15. The role of X and Y chromosomes in gender determination in an embrayo. |
The egg haploid provides the x chromosome and the Sperm provides either another x or a y chromosome. egg X + sperm X = Female Child egg X + sperm Y = Male Child |
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1. Parts of the male external genitalia. |
Penis Testes |
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1. Parts of the female external genitalia. |
•Vulva (The vulva consists of the external genital organs of a woman.) -External genitalia includes –Mons pubis •Mound of tissue •Protects –Labia majora •Outer folds •Lined with –Sudoriferous glands –Sebaceous glands –Labia minora •Inner folds •Lined with –Sebaceous glands |
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Parts of male internal genitalia |
•InternalGenitalia –Glands –Tubules |
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2. Erectile tissues in female genitalia. |
for females, erectile tissue can also be found in the clitoris, as well as in the bulbs of the vestibule (tighter lower vagina) |
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3. Parts of the male Autonomic nervous system involved in the state of arousal. |
Male Erection •Regulatedby the autonomic nervous system–Parasympathetic •Sexualstimulation leads to –Releaseof Nitricoxide –Dilationof deep arteries –Bloodenters and fills sinuses –Corpora cavernosa become stiff –Swellingmay cause blockage of outward flow •Compressesveins Whydoesn’t the corpus spongiosumbecome hard? |
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4. Functions of FSH in Male gonads (Testis). |
• Follicle-StimulatingHormone (FSH)–Stimulates sustentacular cells to secret ABP (ANdrogen-Binding Protein produced by the Sustenticular cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis that binds specifically to testosterone ) –ABP binds Testosterone and raisesits level –Accummulation of testosterone byABP leads to sperm production. • Negative feedback to FSH is by: –Inhibin from seminiferous tubules –Turns off FSH –This reduces sperm production without reducing testosterone secretion |
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4. Functions of FSH in Female gonads (Ovaries). |
• Gonadotropin releasing Hormone GnRH – Regulates FSH + LH – Amounts vary during month • FSH – Growth of ovarian follicle |
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4. Functions of LH in Male gonads (Testis). |
•Luteinizing Hormone(LH) –Stimulates testosterone production –Aids in sperm development |
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4. Functions of FSH in Female gonads (Ovaries). |
• LH – Maturation of follicle-ovulation – Development of corpus luteum |
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5. Functions of Estrogen. |
Female reproductive HORMONE • Estrogens –Develop + maintain secondary sexual characteristics •Fat, voice, pelvis, hair –Development of breasts –Growth of Endometrium of uterus during Proliferative Phase. –Fluid + electrolyte balance –Sex drive |
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5. Functions of Progesterone. |
Progesterone –Prepares endometrium for implantation –Prepares mammary glands for milk secretion |
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No Fertilization in Female |
• Progesterone+ Estrogen–Inhibit LH + FSH • Without LH –The corpus luteum degeneratesand becomes the corpus albicans |
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6. Four Phases of menstrual cycle. |
4 phases –Menstrural –Proliferative –Ovulational –Secretory |
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6. Four Phases of menstrual cycle. –Menstrural |
Days 1-6 • Uterine lining –2.5-6.5 ml blood,tissue and mucus discharged through vagina • Anterior Pituitary –Stimulated by GnRH -Produces FSH •Dominant hormone •Stimulates follicle development Ovary –20-25 primary follicles develop into secondaryfollicles –Produce estrogen |
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6. Four Phases of menstrual cycle. –Proliferative |
Days 7-13 • Ovaries–Secondary follicles develop into Graafian follicles –Follicles produce increasing amounts of Estrogen •Dominant hormone Ovaries (cont.) –Estrogen stimulates •Growth of endometrium |
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6. Four Phases of menstrual cycle. –Ovulational |
Day 14 • High levels of GnRH stimulate Hypothalamus/Anterior Pituitary to release LH and FSH • Ovaries –Surge in LH –24 HOURS prior to ovulation •Dominant hormone •Causes mature follicle to rupture • Secondary oocyte is released •Ruptured follicle becomes corpus hemorrhagicum |
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6. Four Phases of menstrual cycle. –Secretory |
Days 15-28 • Ovary –Corpus luteumdevelops –Stimulated by LH –Produces estrogen + a LARGE SURGE IN progesterone •These stimulate endometrium to thicken •Mammary gland growth •Fluid retention Hypothalamus/Pituitary –GnRH levels drop –FSH + LH levels drop –Because of high estrogen +progesterone +INHIBIN from the corpus luteum |
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7. In the testis: cells that produce testosterone. |
Interstitial Cells |
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7. In the testis: cells that produce sperm. |
Spermatogonium(stem cells) |
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Cells that produce inhibin |
sustentacular cells |
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8. What are the homologous structures in males of the following: b. Clitoris |
glands penis and corpora cavernosa |
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8. What are the homologous structures in males of the following: a. Labia majora. |
scrotum |
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Seminal Vescicles |
Secrete alkeline fluid with fructose, enzymes and prostoglandins |
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Seminal Vescicles Prostoglandins |
Motility + viability of sperm |
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Seminal Vesicle Enzymes |
Sperm Clotting |
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Prostate Glands |
Secrete Citrate: An energy Source for sperm motility Enzymes that will break down the semen clot once in the female reproductive tract |
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Bulbourethral Gland |
Secretes mucus which serves as a lubricant |
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11. Sites (cells) of gametes productions in the males. |
In the seminiferous Tubules of the testes |
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11. Sites (cells) of gametes productions in the females. |
The ovary |
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12. Compositions of semen |
Composition of Semen Sperm Alkalinemucus Enzymes Prostaglandins Nutrients |
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Normal sperm count. |
50 to 150 million/ml |
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13. Regions of the uterus. |
•Wall –Cervix •Neck –Isthmus •Narrowing –Body - Fundus |
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13. Layers of the uterus |
•Layers –Perimetrium •Connectivetissue –Myometrium •Smoothmuscle –Endometrium •Stratum basalis •Stratum functionalis –Innermost –Sheds |
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Uterine Passageways |
•Passageways –External os •Entrance –Cervical canal •Passagewaythrough isthmus –Internal os •Opensinto uterine cavity –Uterine cavity •Spacewhere embryo/fetus develops |
