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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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government
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The system for implementing decisions made through the political process.
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factions
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Groups of like-minded people who try to influence the government
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Public goods
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Services or actions that are available to everyone by the government.
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Politics
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The process that determines what government does.
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Free Market
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An economic system based on competition between businesses without government interference.
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Ideology
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A cohesive set of ideas and beliefs used to organize and evaluate the political world.
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Conservative
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One side of the idealogical spectrum defined by support for lower taxes; a free market; and a more limited government.
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Liberal
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one side of the idealogical spectrum defined by support for stronger government programs, and more market regulation.
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Political Participation
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All activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders and the policy they pursue.
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Single-issue Groups
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Groups that have narrow interest, tend to dislike compromise, and often draw membership from those new to politics.
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Linkage Institutions
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The political channels through which peoples concerns become political issues into policy agenda.
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Policy Agenda
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The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials.
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Political Issue
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An issue that arises when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it.
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Policy Making Institutions
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The branches of government charged with taking action on political issues.
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Public Policy
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A choice that government makes in response to a political issue.
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Democracy
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A system of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to public preferences.
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Majority Rule
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A decision rule that selects alternatives which have a majority.
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Minority Rights
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The rights of racial, ethnic, class, religious, linguistic or sexual minorities.
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Representation
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the relationship between the party and their electoral majority.
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Pluralist Theory
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contends that many centers of influence compete for power and control.
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Elite and Class Theory
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Contends that our society is divided along class lines.
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Hyperpluralism
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Pluralism gone sour. Never coming to a decision because opposing groups are too strong.
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Policy Grid Lock
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When the government is divided and can't decide on a policy.
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Political Culture
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Political Views that are popular amongst the population.
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Gross Domestic Product
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The value all goods and services produced annually by the US.
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Capitalism
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An economic system in which things are privately owned.
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Socialism
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An economic theory promoting common ownership and cooperative management of the means of production.
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Constitution
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A nations basic laws.
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Declaration of Independence
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A document outlining America's independence from Britain.
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Natural Rights
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The belief that people exist in a state of nature before the rise of government. (Loke)
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Consent of the Governed
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People must agree on who their rulers are. (Loke)
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Limited Government
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There should be clear restrictions on what rulers can do.
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Articles of Confederation
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A document that established a government ruled by the states.
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Shay's Rebellion
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A series of armed attacks on courthouses that spurred the birth of the US constitution.
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US Constitution
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A US document that assigns powers to different branches of government.
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New Jersey Plan
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A plan that called for each state to be equally represented in congress.
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Virginia Plan
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A plan that suggested that the representation in congress be based on the population of the state.
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Connecticut Compromise
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A plan that suggested that each state have two members in the house of Reps. and have representation based on population.
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Writ of Habeaus Corpus
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Means that one can't be put in jail without a body of evidence.
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Three- Fifths Compromise
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Every African American person equaled 3/5ths of a person in relation to taxes.
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Federalists
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Advocates of the constitution.
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Anti- Federalists
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those who oppose a strong national government.
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Republic
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A state in which elected officials represent the interests of the people.
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Federalist Papers
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A series of documents about the federalist position.
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Bill of Rights
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The first ten amendments of the constitution.
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Elastic Clause
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Part of the Constitution that grants Congress the power to pass any laws that relate to any of its expressed powers.
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Checks and Balances
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A part of the framework of the constitution that prevents majority tyranny.
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Judicial Review
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The supreme court's power to strike down a law or executive branch that it finds unconstitutional.
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Commerce Clause
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The part of the constitution that gives congress the right to regulate commerce.
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Separation of Powers
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Power being dispersed amongst different parts of government.
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Equal Rights Amendment
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Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the US or any state on account of sex.
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Federalism
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A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same area of people.
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Unitary Government
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A government in which all power resides int he central government.
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Supremacy Clause
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Part of the constitution that declares the supreme law of the land.
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McCulloch v. Maryland
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the case that first bought the issue of state versus national power.
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Implied Powers
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Grants congress the power to make all laws necessary to execute foregoing powers.
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Enumerated Powers
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powers specifically listed in the constitution.
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Full Faith and Credit
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A requirement of all states to give full faith and credit to public acts, records and civil judicial proceedings of every other state.
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Extradition
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A requirement of states to return a person charged with a crime in another state.
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Privileges and Immunities
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Citizens of each state will receive all the privileges and immunities of any other state where they happen to be.
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Dual Federalism
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A form of federalism in which the state and national government each stay supreme within their own spheres.
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Cooperative Federalism
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A form of federalism with a blurred distinction between levels of government.
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Fiscal Federalism
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The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system.
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Categorical Grants
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Grants that can only be used for specific purposes.
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Project Grants
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Grant awarded on the basis of competitive applications
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Formula Grants
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Grants distributed according to a formula.
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Block Grants
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Grants used to support broad programs.
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Mandates
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When the government requires a state to do something.
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Concurrent Powers
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Responsibilities shared by federal, state, and local governments.
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States RIghts
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THe idea that states are entitled to a certain amount of self government.
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Competitive Federalism
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A form of federalism in which states compete to attract businesses through the policies they adopt.
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Census
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A count of the American population done every ten years.
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Civil Disobedience
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purposely breaking a law that is thought to be unjust.
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Demography
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the science of human populations.
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Exit Poll
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A poll of random citizens after they have casted a vote.
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Gender Gap
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A pattern of women most likely being liberal and men being conservative.
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Melting Pot
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A mixture of cultures and ideas.
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Political Culture
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An overall set of values widely shared within a society.
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Political Ideology
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A coherent set of values and beliefs about public policy.
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Political Participation
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The process by which citizens acquire knowledge about the political world.
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Protest
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a form of political participation designed to change policy through unconventional tactics.
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Public Opinion
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The distribution of the populations beliefs about politics and issues.
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Random Digit Dialing
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Phone numbers are dialed at random around the country.
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Random Sampling
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A polling technique where everyone has a probability of being selected.
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Reapportionment
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the reallocation of 435 seats in the House of Reps based on changes in residency.
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Sample
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A small proportion of the population chosen as a representative of the whole population.
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Sampling Error
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The level of confidence involved in a sample result.
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