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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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digestive system
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this system provides the body with nutrients, water, and electrolytes essential for health. the organs in this system ingest, digest, and absorb food and eliminate the undigested remains as feces
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digestion
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the break down of food physically and chemically into smaller diffusible molecules
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alimentary canal
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the hollow tube from the mouth to the anus. technically the food material in this tube is outside the body
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absorption
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the process by which digested end products can then pass through the epithelial cells lining the tract into the blood for distribution to the body cells
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gastrointestinal tract
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consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines
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accessory digestive organs
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consist of the teeth,salivary glads , gallbladder, liver, and pancreas
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tunics of the alimentary canal
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mucosa, sub mucosa, muscularis, serosa
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mucosa
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tunic which consists of surface epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle). functions in secretion, absorption, and protection.
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sub mucosa
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moderately dense connective tissue, contains blood and lymphatic vessels, scattered lymphoid follicles, and nerve fibers. functions in nutrition and protection
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muscularis
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this tunic is typically a bilayer of smooth muscle with the inner layer running circularly and the outer running longitudinally. myenteric plexus, is the nerve plexus associated with this layer, and the major regulator of GI motility
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serosa
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outermost tunic, consists of a mesothelium and areolar connective tissue. in areas outside the abdominopelvic cavity it is replaced with adventitia. this tunic reduces friction as the mobile digestive system organs work and slide across one another and the cavity walls
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adventitia
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replaces the serosa outside of the abdominopelvic cavity. Anchors and protects the surrounded organ.
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tonsillitis
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the palatine tonsils become inflamed and enlarged, partially blocking the entrance to the pharynx posteriorly and makes swallowing difficult and painful
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lesser omentum
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mesentery which extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach
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greater omentum
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mesentery which extends from the greater curvature of the stomach, reflects downward over the abdominal contents to cover them like an apron
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HCL, pepsin, pepsinogen
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secreted by the gastric glands, they begin the enzymatic breakdown of protein foods
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chyme
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creamy mass in the stomach after food has been broken processed.
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mesentery
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the double layer of peritoneum which suspends the small intestine
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brush border enzymes
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hydrolytic enzymes bound to the microvilli of the columnar epithelial cells and enzymes produced by the pancreas
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peyer's patches
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aggregated lymphoid follicles
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deciduous teeth
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milk teeth, the first set of teeth appear 6 and 2 1/2 years
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permanent teeth
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second set of teeth
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dental formula
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incisors, canine, premolars, molars/incisors, canine, premolar, molars X 2
milk teeth= 2102/2102 X 2= 20 perm teeth= 2123/2123 X 2= 32 |
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salivary glands
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three pairs= parotid(secretes serous), submandibular(serous and mucin), and sublingual(mucin)
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salivary amylase
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begins the digestion of of starch into disaccharides and glucose, is secreted in serous fluid
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mucin
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viscous glycoprotein, moistens the food and helps to bind it together into a mass called a bolus
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jaundice
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yellowing of tissues due to bile circulation in the bloodstream
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hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver
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cirrhosis
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condition where the liver is extremely damaged and becomes hard and fibrous
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deciduous teeth
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milk teeth, the first set of teeth appear 6 and 2 1/2 years
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permanent teeth
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second set of teeth
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dental formula
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incisors, canine, premolars, molars/incisors, canine, premolar, molars X 2
milk teeth= 2102/2102 X 2= 20 perm teeth= 2123/2123 X 2= 32 |
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salivary glands
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three pairs= parotid(secretes serous), submandibular(serous and mucin), and sublingual(mucin)
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salivary amylase
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begins the digestion of of starch into disaccharides and glucose, is secreted in serous fluid
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mucin
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viscous glycoprotein, moistens the food and helps to bind it together into a mass called a bolus
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jaundice
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yellowing of tissues due to bile circulation in the bloodstream
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hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver
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cirrhosis
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condition where the liver is extremely damaged and becomes hard and fibrous
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