A&p Exam 2 Study Guide

Front 1

Know the four basic types of tissues and their function and origin (1)

Back 1

Epithelial tissue covers the body surface and forms the lining for most internal cavities.

Front 2

Know the four basic types of tissues and their function and origin (2)

Back 2

Connective tissues perform a variety of functions including support and protection.

Front 3

Know the four basic types of tissues and their function and origin (3)

Back 3

muscle tissue produces force and cause motion, either locomotion or movement within internal organs

Front 4

Know the four basic types of tissues and their function and origin (4)

Back 4

Nerve tissue to perceive stimuli and generate nerve impulses to various organs of the body.

Front 5

Discuss the major types of cell junctions (1)

Back 5

Tight Junctions prevent intercellular passage of materials

Front 6

Discuss the major types of cell junctions (2)

Back 6

Desmosomes anchoring junctions hold adjacent cells together

Front 7

Discuss the major types of cell junctions (3)

Back 7

Gap Junctions communicating (transport) channels between adjacent cells.

Front 8

What is the difference between covering and lining epithelium from glandular epithelium?

Back 8

glandular epithelium are specialized for secretion. lining epithelium simply lines organs like the stomach.

Front 9

Differentiate between exocrine and endocrine glands.

Back 9

Endocrine glands release substances within the body and exocrine glands release substances outside the body.

Front 10

Differentiate between the secretions of merocrine glands and apocrine glands.

Back 10

Merocrine secretion - cells secrete their product through exocytosis and remain intact after secretion
Apocrine secretion - cells secrete their product by destroying their apex membrane so that the product flows out of the cell into the excretion duct.

Front 11

List the types of connective tissue cells and describe each cell (1)

Back 11

Fibroblasts- White Blood Cells

Front 12

List the types of connective tissue cells and describe each cell (2)

Back 12

Adipocytes (fats) macrophage

Front 13

List the types of connective tissue cells and describe each cell (3)

Back 13

mast cells - plamacells

Front 14

Name the two major components of the extracellular matrix.

Back 14

fibers and ground substance

Front 15

List the types of mature connective tissue.

Back 15

Loose connective tissue
areolar connective tissue
adipose tissue
reticular connective tissue
dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue
cartilage
bone
blood and lymph

Front 16

List the epidermal strata beginning with deepest layer to top layer. (1)

Back 16

stratum corneum

Front 17

List the epidermal strata beginning with deepest layer to top layer. (2)

Back 17

Stratum Lucidum

Front 18

List the epidermal strata beginning with deepest layer to top layer. (3)

Back 18

Stratum Granulousm

Front 19

List the epidermal strata beginning with deepest layer to top layer. (4)

Back 19

Stratum Spinosum

Front 20

List the epidermal strata beginning with deepest layer to top layer. (5)

Back 20

Stratum Basale

Front 21

What is the scientific explanation for fingerprints?

Back 21

fingerprints, or "dermal ridges" are necessary for grip. If the skin on our fingers was completely smooth we would have a hard time keeping a grip on anything, especially if it is wet or our hands are sweaty.

Front 22

dermatoglyphics

Back 22

scientific study of fingerprints

Front 23

List three accessory structures of the skin.

Back 23

hair, nails and glands

Front 24

Know the cell shapes in epithelial layers

Back 24

Squamous
Cuboid
Columnar

Front 25

describe the arrangement of cells in epithelial layers.

Back 25

Simple epithelia Tissue
Pseudostratified Tissue
Stratified Tissue

Front 26

Describe two epithelial membranes (1)

Back 26

Mucous membrane lines all body passages that communicate with the air, such as the respiratory

Front 27

Describe two epithelial membranes (2)

Back 27

A thin, membrane that secretes a serous fluid and lines a closed body cavity, covering the organs that lie within that cavity.

Front 28

What is the chemical composition of sweat produced by eccrine sweat glands?

Back 28

water, ions, (Na+ amd Cl-) urea, uric acid, ammonia, amino acids, glucose, and lactic acid

Front 29

When do apocrine sweat glands begin to function?

Back 29

After puberty

Front 30

How does the body make vitamin D?

Back 30

activation of molecules in the skin by UV rays in sunlight.

Front 31

How does the skin contribute to thermo regulation?

Back 31

Skin participates in homeostatic regulation of body tempertures through sweating with evaporation cooling, and adjusting blood flow in the dermis.

Front 32

Define "burns"

Back 32

Burns are a type of traumatic injury caused by extreme hot or cold tempertures

Front 33

First degree burn

Back 33

A mild burn that produces redness of the skin but no blistering.

Front 34

Second degree burn

Back 34

A burn that blisters the skin and is more severe than a first-degree burn.

Front 35

Third degree burn

Back 35

A severe burn in which the skin and underlying tissues are destroyed and sensitive nerve endings are exposed.