Anthropology Midterm 1

Front 1

Anthropological Perspective

Back 1

compares societies

Front 2

Anthropology

Back 2

Integrated study of humanity

Front 3

Holism

Back 3

approach used to study societies as an integrated whole

Front 4

Four Anthropological Fields:

Physical

Back 4

study evolution/biology

Front 5

Four Anthropological Fields:

Archeology

Back 5

Remains

Front 6

Four Anthropological Fields:

Linguistic Anthropology

Back 6

Language

Front 7

Four Anthropological Fields:

Cultural Anthropology

Back 7

study contemporary societies

Front 8

Hollistic Approach:

Participant Observation

Back 8

Study/observe society by living among them

Front 9

Foraging bands

Back 9

hunter/gatherer

Front 10

horticulture

Back 10

no irrigation

grow food

depend on God for crops

Front 11

Pastoral nomads

Back 11

cattle/sheep

Front 12

Human Universals

Back 12

universal characteristics

Front 13

Ethnography

Back 13

descriptive study of societies

Front 14

Ethnographers

Back 14

study society

write ethnographies

Front 15

cultural areas

Back 15

land where societies share traits

Front 16

Talk about the Fore of New Guinea

Back 16

Kuru was a disease killing people.

Contracted by eating dead

Natives thought it was Sorcery! (divination ritual reveals this

Banned by Gov't

Front 17

Etic Perspective

Back 17

outsiders looking in

advantages: see patters groups are unaware of

Front 18

Emic Perspective:

Back 18

see world through people's eyes

as if born in their culture

Front 19

Ethnocentrivism

Back 19

judging other societies

"ew, you eat your dead!"

Front 20

Cultural Relativism

Back 20

understand customs without judging

Front 21

POSTMODERNISM:

Modernity

Back 21

understand based on reason and rationality

Front 22

Postmodernity

Back 22

deny being about to know "truth" about the world

emphasize scientific limitations

aware of own bias

Front 23

culture

Back 23

society's behaviors/beliefs

Front 24

symbols

Back 24

something that represents something else

Front 25

Defining Religion:

Operant Definition

Back 25

definite terms to observe and study

Front 26

Defining Religion:

Analytic Definition

Back 26

focus on how religion is expressed as a culture

Front 27

Defining Religion:

Functional Definition

Back 27

focus on what religion does socially/psychologically

Front 28

Defining Religion:

Essentialist Definition

Back 28

what is the essential nature of religion?

Front 29

supernatural

Back 29

"above natural"

Front 30

sacred

Back 30

attitude towards a subject with reverence

Front 31

animism

Back 31

belief of spirits

Front 32

Theoretical Approach:

Marxist Study

Back 32

marx= critical of religion

religion reflects society

false consciousness to distract from shitty lives

Front 33

Collective Consciousness

Back 33

promote social cooperation

symbols

Front 34

Interpretive Approach

Back 34

enterpret through ethnographies

religion=symbols corresponding to cultural ideas/values/listyles

Front 35

Psychosocial Approach

Back 35

culture and how it affects individual personality

Front 36

Spirit Beings:

Anthropomorphic

Back 36

spirit beings act as humans

Front 37

Theory of Mind

Back 37

people know what others are thinking

Front 38

cognition

Back 38

explains origin

Front 39

Agnosticism

Back 39

supernatural=unknowable

as impossible to prove it doesnt exist as it doesnt

Front 40

shamanism

Back 40

power from spirit world

Front 41

Shaminism:

Axis Mundi

Back 41

Connects the three worlds

axis mundi=vertical central axis

Front 42

Neoshamanism:

Tensegrity

Back 42

Technique of body movements used to become more aware of energy feild

Front 43

Neoshamanism:

Core Shamanism

Back 43

Universal techniques

Front 44

What was so cool about Okinawan Priests?

Back 44

They were women!

Front 45

FOLKTALES

Back 45

stories/myths

entertaining

Front 46

LEGENDS

Back 46

events taken place

Front 47

URBAN LEGENDS

Back 47

recount of what happened

Front 48

MYTHS

Back 48

sacred stories

Front 49

Why is Fieldwork and Functional Anthropology critisized?

Back 49

focus on beliefs, not on institutions or practices that may be oppressive or exploitative

Front 50

Myth analysis

Sigmond Freud

Back 50

early experiences projected into myths

Front 51

Myth Analysis:

Carl Jung

Back 51

Collective Unconscious= elements unconsciously manifested in myths

Archetypes= characters in myths

Front 52

A shaman is more likely to have a supernatural experience than a Priest. True or False?

Back 52

True

Front 53

A priest is more focused on people's personal problems than on community wide rituals. True or false?

Back 53

False

Front 54

Periodic Rituals associated with agriculturalcycle are usually performed by shamans. True or false?

Back 54

False

Front 55

According to Austrailian Aboriginese, increase rituals are designed to increases someone's wealth. True or false?

Back 55

False

Front 56

The ancient Maya used several calender cycles simultaneously. The two main cycles are a 365 day, and a 185 day. True or False?

Back 56

False

Front 57

Symbols are arbitrary, that is, new symbols can be created when necessary. True or false?

Back 57

False

Front 58

The image of Lord Pakel on the carving in Temple of Inscriptions is evidence of astranauts from other worlds. True or False?

Back 58

False

Front 59

The cross was an early symbol of Christianity and appears in 1st Century Christian art. True or false?

Back 59

False

Front 60

The Islamic calendar is a solar calendar. True or false?

Back 60

False

Front 61

The totem is a symbol associated with a particular social group. True or false?

Back 61

True

Front 62

The psychoduct found in Lord Pakals tomb connected the tomb to the temple on top of the pyramid. True or false?

Back 62

True

Front 63

Lord Pakal died and was entombed in the Temple of Inscriptions in Palenque on Aug. 31, 1123 BC. True or false?

Back 63

False

Front 64

All languages have a similar set of basic color terms in terms of number and meaning. True or false?

Back 64

False

Front 65

Different Yoruba dieties, or ORISHA, can be identified, in part, by the colors used in their representations True or false?

Back 65

True

Front 66

aobjects and actions whose meanings are arbritary and conventional are known as what?

Back 66

Symbols

Front 67

LOrd Pakal, a mayan ruler of Palenque ruled what century?

Back 67

seventh century

Front 68

What does the term 'openness,' when referring to symbols mean?

Back 68

You can create new symbols

Front 69

Lord Pakal ruled what is now called the site of Palenque. Palenque was built by what ancient society?

Back 69

The mayans

Front 70

Among the Yuroba, who were the Orisha?

Back 70

spirit beings

Front 71

What calendar do we have today that is secular?

Back 71

The gregorian calendar