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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Early Modern Homo |
160,000 - 6000 yBP - time of significant population increase -development of new technologies -introduction of cave art (spain and france) |
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Early Modern Homo: Appearance
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- reduced face - small teeth - vertical forehead - rounded skull - gracile infracranial skeleton |
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Early Modern Homo in Africa
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200,000 - 6,000 yBP Omo (195,000 yBP): - Ethiopia - oldest evidence of modern humans Klasies River Mouth Cave (90,000 yBP): - South Africa - had a chin |
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Early Modern Homo in Asia
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90,000 - 18,000 yBP Skhul V (90,000 yBP) - distinctively modern - dates before Neandertals |
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Early Modern Homo in Eastern Europe
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35,000 - 15,000 yBP Pestera cu Oase, Romania - Earliest modern (35,000 yBP) - skull distinctly modern (oase 2) - reduced brow ridge - gracile |
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Early Modern Homo in Western Europe
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35,000 - 15,000 yBP Cro-magnon Cave, France - 30,000 - 25,000 yBP - warm adapted features - vertical forehead, small aperture and brow ridges,and body long and narrow. |
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Modern Homo Origins |
1. Out-of-Africa (stringer) - First evolved in Africa and then spread to Asia and Europe, replaced archaic homo popn. single origin of modern people by eventual replacement 2. Multiregional Continuity (Wolpoff) - transition to modernity took place regionally without any replacement, african archaic equals african modern. |
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Origins Summary |
OofA: - correctly accounts for the origin of the modern human variation -incorrectly asserts no gene flow occurred between Neandertals and modern humans MRC: - correctly accounts for gene flow and neandertal contribution - incorrect about regional development of modern homo |
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Assimilation Model |
By: Smith and Trinkanus - 200,000 - 100,000 yBP popn of modern homo left Africa, then encountered Neandertals in Europe. They could breed with each other. - Disappearance of Neandertals after 30,000 yBP likely due to assimilation by a much larger genetically diverse popn. |
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Modern Humans and Migration |
First Wave out of Africa - H.Erectus spread rapidly throughout Asia and Europe Second Wave out of Africa - Early modern H. sapiens assimilated and eventually replaced descendants of H.Erectus in Asia and Europe. Last 50,000 years of Pleistocene fully modern people spreading out beyond Europe and Asia; first in Aus then in America |
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Why Migrate? |
1. Popn increase 2. Disappearance of food resources 3. Increased competition 4. Climate deterioration *popn outgrowing their carrying capacity, ending in mass migration. |
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Australian and Pacific Migrations |
- Late Pleistocene sea levels as much as 90 m below current levels, exposure of landmass - Australia, new guinea and Tasmania all one landmass. - Still boating tech and navigation skills required. |
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Australia |
Lake Mungo (40,000 yBP) - earliest evidence of humans - 2 crania with modern characteristics Kow Swamp (13,000-9,000 yBP) - shares features with H.erectus and other indonesian hominins meaning regional continuity |
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Homo floresiensis |
-2003 skeleton with highly unusual characteristics - tiny brain 400 cc - 3.5 ft tall - 100,000 - 60,000 yBP - Not a different species but suffering from microcephaly or other genetic disorder. |
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First Americans |
- founding popn about 800 individuals - dental and genetic evidence suggests northeastern asia were the direct ancestors of American indigenous groups Beringea (siberia to alaska) - sea levels all time low - approx 15,000 yBP |
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North America |
Paleoindians (11,500 yBP) - stone artifacts (clove and folsom) - large, fluted, bifacial projectile points - hunted various animals -megafauna - extinction by early Holocene |
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Paleoindians |
Differed from modern indigenous groups - long narrow skulls - robust face - mastication muscle attachments Modern - short round skulls - gracile faces |
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Kennewick Man |
Washington State (8400 yBP) - long narrow skull - robust jaw and face |
