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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where do 75% of breast cancers metastases end up?
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the axillary lymph nodes
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Enlargement of ___ ___ is an indication of early metastases from breast cancer?
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axillary nodes
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What nerves can be damaged with excision of the axillary nodes? Why would someone want to remove these?
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the long thoracic or thoracodorsal nerve;
breast cancer metastasis |
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Excision of axillary nodes can result in what?
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lymphedema; obstructions in the lymphatic system leading swelling of lymph fluid.
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What are four muscles that attach the upper limb to the anterior thoracic wall
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Serratus anterior muscle.
Pectoralis major muscle. Pectoralis minor muscle. Subclavius muscle. |
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WHat happens if you cut the long thoracic nerve? (as in a knife wound)
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Winged Scapula, (protrudes, especially if you have patient put hands against the wall).
B/C LTN is severed, and the serratus anterior, which is innervated by the LTN, works with the trapezius muscle, full abudction of the upper limb is no longer possible. |
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Long thoracic nerve has what spinal nerves?
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C5-C7
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Axilla - What is the apex?
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the 1st rib, clavicle, and superior edge of subscapularis.
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Axilla - What is the base?
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Base formed by skin of armpit, subcutaneous tissue and axillary fascia.
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Axilla - What is the anterior wall?
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pec major ad minor muscles, subclavius muscle, clavipectoral fascia
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Axilla - What is the posterior wall?
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sub scapularis, lat dorsi, teres major, long head of triceps muscle
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Axilla - What is the lateral wall?
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intertubercular sulcus
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Axilla - What is the medial wall?
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upper thoracic wall, serratus anterior muscle
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Put the following in order from anterior to posterior:
claviculan artery clavicular vein middle scalene anterior scalene nerves |
from anterior to posterior:
claviculan vein anterior scalene claviculan artery nerves middle scalene |
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The first part of the axillary stops at what points?
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the 1st rib, and the beginning of pec minor, (medial border of pec minor)
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The second part of the axillary stops at what points?
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This artery lies underneath the pec minor muscle, so the medial and lateral borders of the pec minor muscle.
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The third parts of the axillary stars and stops at what points?
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it starts just after the pec minor muscle, lateral border of pec minor, and then stops at the end of the teres major muscle, the inferior border of the teres major muscle.
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dorsal scapular nerve comes off from what part of the brachial plexus?
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comes off before it even begins, off of C5
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what does the dorsal scapular nerve pierce?
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middle scalene
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what does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?
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rhombois; occasionally levator scapulae
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dorsal scapular nerve contributions?
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anterior rami of C5
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What is the long thoracic nerve's origin and spinal nerves?
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from anterior rami, C5 C6 C7
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What does the long thoracic nerve pierce?
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middle scalene
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What does the long thoracic nerve innervate?
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serratus anterior
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what is the suprascapular nerves origin?
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superior trunk, C4, C5, C6
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Does the suprascapular nerve passes deep or superior to the transverse scapular ligament?
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deep
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what does the suprascapular nerve innervate?
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supraspinatus, infraspinatus, glenohumeral joint
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What is the origin of the subclavian nerve?
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superior trunk, C4, C5, C6
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lateral pectoral nerve -
innervates? |
pec major
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medial pectoral nerve -
innervates? |
pec major and pec minor
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lateral pectoral nerve main contributions?
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lateral cord, C6
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medial pectoral nerve contributions?
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medial cord, C8, T1
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why is the medial pectoral nerve called medial?
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although it lies lateral to lateral pectoral nerve (so backwards) its origin is from the medial cord!
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medial pectoral nerve pierces what?
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pec minor to reach deep aspect of pec major.
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Musculocutaneous - innervates?
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skin of lateral aspect of FOREarm, and anterior compartment of arm - coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis)
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musculocutaneous - contributions?
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terminal branch of lateral cord C5-C7
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the musculocutaneous nerve pierces what muscle?
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coracobrachialis
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median nerve contributions?
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terminal branches of medial and lateral cords, C6-T1
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median nerve innervates?
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muscles of the anterior compartment of FOREarm (except flexor carpi ulnaris, and ulnar side of flexor digitorum profundus) and thenar muscles, and also the palmar skin
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medial cutaneous nerve of arm
(MBC) - innervates? |
skin of medial side of arm
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medial cutaneous nerve of arm
(MBC) - contributions? |
from medial cord, C8,T1
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medial cutaneous nerve of FOREarm
(MABC) - contributions? |
from medial cord, C8,T1
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medial cutaneous nerve of FOREarm
(MABC) - innervates? |
skin of medial side of forearm
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Ulnar nerve - innervation?
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flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus (forearm), deep hand muscles, skin of hand, pinky to middle of ring finger
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ulnar nerve contributions?
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from medial cord, C8,T1
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upper subscapular nerve - contributions?
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from posterior cord, C5
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lower subscapular nerve - contributions?
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from posterior cord, C6
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upper subscapular nerve - innervates?
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subscapularis, superior portion
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lower subscapular nerve - innervates?
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inferior portion of subscapularis, as well as teres major
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thoracodorsal nerve innervates?
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lat dorsi
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thoracodorsal nerve contributions?
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from posterior cord, C7
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axillary nerve - contributions?
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from posterior cord, C5
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axillary nerve - innervates?
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shoulder joint, teres minor, deltoid, skin of inferior part of deltoid
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radial nerve contributions?
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from posterior cord, C5-T1
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radial nerve innervates?
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muscles of posterior compartment of arm and forearm, skin of posterior arm, forearm, dorsum of hand, and inferolateral portion of arm.
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upper brachial plexus injuries occur in babies when what happens?
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yanked out uring birth by their heads.
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upper brachial plexus injuries are called what?
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Erb's Palsy
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What symptoms present with Erb's palsy?
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predominantly extension of arm
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What symptoms present with klempke's palsy?
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predominantly flexion of arm
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why is horner's syndrom usually accompanied with a kelmpke's palsy?
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white ramus communicantes is usually also damaged, which carries fibers to cervical sympathetic trunk.
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what nerves ar affected by a klempke's palsy?
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this is a lower brachial plexus injury, so C7-T1.
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What can cause a lower brachial plexus injury?
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falling out of a tree and grab a branch, hyperextension of arm
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