Ant208 Axilla And Brachial Plexus

Front 1

Where do 75% of breast cancers metastases end up?

Back 1

the axillary lymph nodes

Front 2

Enlargement of ___ ___ is an indication of early metastases from breast cancer?

Back 2

axillary nodes

Front 3

What nerves can be damaged with excision of the axillary nodes? Why would someone want to remove these?

Back 3

the long thoracic or thoracodorsal nerve;
breast cancer metastasis

Front 4

Excision of axillary nodes can result in what?

Back 4

lymphedema; obstructions in the lymphatic system leading swelling of lymph fluid.

Front 5

What are four muscles that attach the upper limb to the anterior thoracic wall

Back 5

Serratus anterior muscle.
Pectoralis major muscle.
Pectoralis minor muscle.
Subclavius muscle.

Front 6

WHat happens if you cut the long thoracic nerve? (as in a knife wound)

Back 6

Winged Scapula, (protrudes, especially if you have patient put hands against the wall).
B/C LTN is severed, and the serratus anterior, which is innervated by the LTN, works with the trapezius muscle, full abudction of the upper limb is no longer possible.

Front 7

Long thoracic nerve has what spinal nerves?

Back 7

C5-C7

Front 8

Axilla - What is the apex?

Back 8

the 1st rib, clavicle, and superior edge of subscapularis.

Front 9

Axilla - What is the base?

Back 9

Base formed by skin of armpit, subcutaneous tissue and axillary fascia.

Front 10

Axilla - What is the anterior wall?

Back 10

pec major ad minor muscles, subclavius muscle, clavipectoral fascia

Front 11

Axilla - What is the posterior wall?

Back 11

sub scapularis, lat dorsi, teres major, long head of triceps muscle

Front 12

Axilla - What is the lateral wall?

Back 12

intertubercular sulcus

Front 13

Axilla - What is the medial wall?

Back 13

upper thoracic wall, serratus anterior muscle

Front 14

Put the following in order from anterior to posterior:
claviculan artery
clavicular vein
middle scalene
anterior scalene
nerves

Back 14

from anterior to posterior:

claviculan vein
anterior scalene
claviculan artery
nerves
middle scalene

Front 15

The first part of the axillary stops at what points?

Back 15

the 1st rib, and the beginning of pec minor, (medial border of pec minor)

Front 16

The second part of the axillary stops at what points?

Back 16

This artery lies underneath the pec minor muscle, so the medial and lateral borders of the pec minor muscle.

Front 17

The third parts of the axillary stars and stops at what points?

Back 17

it starts just after the pec minor muscle, lateral border of pec minor, and then stops at the end of the teres major muscle, the inferior border of the teres major muscle.

Front 18

dorsal scapular nerve comes off from what part of the brachial plexus?

Back 18

comes off before it even begins, off of C5

Front 19

what does the dorsal scapular nerve pierce?

Back 19

middle scalene

Front 20

what does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

Back 20

rhombois; occasionally levator scapulae

Front 21

dorsal scapular nerve contributions?

Back 21

anterior rami of C5

Front 22

Back 22

Front 23

What is the long thoracic nerve's origin and spinal nerves?

Back 23

from anterior rami, C5 C6 C7

Front 24

What does the long thoracic nerve pierce?

Back 24

middle scalene

Front 25

What does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

Back 25

serratus anterior

Front 26

what is the suprascapular nerves origin?

Back 26

superior trunk, C4, C5, C6

Front 27

Does the suprascapular nerve passes deep or superior to the transverse scapular ligament?

Back 27

deep

Front 28

what does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

Back 28

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, glenohumeral joint

Front 29

What is the origin of the subclavian nerve?

Back 29

superior trunk, C4, C5, C6

Front 30

lateral pectoral nerve -
innervates?

Back 30

pec major

Front 31

medial pectoral nerve -
innervates?

Back 31

pec major and pec minor

Front 32

lateral pectoral nerve main contributions?

Back 32

lateral cord, C6

Front 33

medial pectoral nerve contributions?

Back 33

medial cord, C8, T1

Front 34

why is the medial pectoral nerve called medial?

Back 34

although it lies lateral to lateral pectoral nerve (so backwards) its origin is from the medial cord!

Front 35

medial pectoral nerve pierces what?

Back 35

pec minor to reach deep aspect of pec major.

Front 36

Musculocutaneous - innervates?

Back 36

skin of lateral aspect of FOREarm, and anterior compartment of arm - coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis)

Front 37

musculocutaneous - contributions?

Back 37

terminal branch of lateral cord C5-C7

Front 38

the musculocutaneous nerve pierces what muscle?

Back 38

coracobrachialis

Front 39

median nerve contributions?

Back 39

terminal branches of medial and lateral cords, C6-T1

Front 40

median nerve innervates?

Back 40

muscles of the anterior compartment of FOREarm (except flexor carpi ulnaris, and ulnar side of flexor digitorum profundus) and thenar muscles, and also the palmar skin

Front 41

medial cutaneous nerve of arm
(MBC) - innervates?

Back 41

skin of medial side of arm

Front 42

medial cutaneous nerve of arm
(MBC) - contributions?

Back 42

from medial cord, C8,T1

Front 43

medial cutaneous nerve of FOREarm
(MABC) - contributions?

Back 43

from medial cord, C8,T1

Front 44

medial cutaneous nerve of FOREarm
(MABC) - innervates?

Back 44

skin of medial side of forearm

Front 45

Ulnar nerve - innervation?

Back 45

flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus (forearm), deep hand muscles, skin of hand, pinky to middle of ring finger

Front 46

ulnar nerve contributions?

Back 46

from medial cord, C8,T1

Front 47

upper subscapular nerve - contributions?

Back 47

from posterior cord, C5

Front 48

lower subscapular nerve - contributions?

Back 48

from posterior cord, C6

Front 49

upper subscapular nerve - innervates?

Back 49

subscapularis, superior portion

Front 50

lower subscapular nerve - innervates?

Back 50

inferior portion of subscapularis, as well as teres major

Front 51

thoracodorsal nerve innervates?

Back 51

lat dorsi

Front 52

thoracodorsal nerve contributions?

Back 52

from posterior cord, C7

Front 53

axillary nerve - contributions?

Back 53

from posterior cord, C5

Front 54

axillary nerve - innervates?

Back 54

shoulder joint, teres minor, deltoid, skin of inferior part of deltoid

Front 55

radial nerve contributions?

Back 55

from posterior cord, C5-T1

Front 56

radial nerve innervates?

Back 56

muscles of posterior compartment of arm and forearm, skin of posterior arm, forearm, dorsum of hand, and inferolateral portion of arm.

Front 57

Back 57

Front 58

upper brachial plexus injuries occur in babies when what happens?

Back 58

yanked out uring birth by their heads.

Front 59

upper brachial plexus injuries are called what?

Back 59

Erb's Palsy

Front 60

What symptoms present with Erb's palsy?

Back 60

predominantly extension of arm

Front 61

What symptoms present with klempke's palsy?

Back 61

predominantly flexion of arm

Front 62

why is horner's syndrom usually accompanied with a kelmpke's palsy?

Back 62

white ramus communicantes is usually also damaged, which carries fibers to cervical sympathetic trunk.

Front 63

what nerves ar affected by a klempke's palsy?

Back 63

this is a lower brachial plexus injury, so C7-T1.

Front 64

What can cause a lower brachial plexus injury?

Back 64

falling out of a tree and grab a branch, hyperextension of arm