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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter exist in 3 forms |
1. Liquid 2. Solid 3. Gas |
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All forms of matter are composed of what ? |
Chemical elements |
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What elements make up the majority of our body ? |
O = Oxygen C = Carbon H = Hydrogen N = Nitrogen |
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The body's natural pH |
7.35 - 7.45 |
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What is considered acidic on the pH scale? |
Anything < 7 |
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What is considered basic on the pH scale? |
Anything > 7 |
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Acidosis |
A condition in which there is too much acid in the body fluids |
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Alkalosis |
A condition in which there is too much base in the body fluids |
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Sources of acid in our body |
1. Stomach - produced in our parietal cells 2. Carbonic acid - produced from CO2 3. Acid (ketones) - produced when fat is metabolized 4. Uric acid - produced by protein metabolism 5. Lactic acid - produced during anaerobic activity |
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Cell theory |
•Cells are the smallest living unit •Cells are the building blocks of all plants and animals •All new Cells come from division of preexisting Cells |
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Each cell is surrounded by what? |
Plasma membrane |
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Nucleus' function |
•Stores genetic information •Structural support •Assembly of ribosome subunits |
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Rough ER's function |
Protein synthesis and processing |
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Mitochondria's function |
ATP production |
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Plasma membrane |
Selectively permeability - maintains intracellular environment |
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Diffusion |
The process of even distribution from a random motion Uneven distribution produces concentration difference or gradient |
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Any ion or molecule can diffuse across the plasma membrane by |
•Crossing lipid portion of membrane •Passing through membrane channel |
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If larger molecules cannot diffuse through a membrane how do they get across? |
Larger molecules cross the membrane by carrier mechanism |
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Osmosis |
Diffusion of water |
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The body contains osmotic pressure of approximately what? |
300 mosmol/L |
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Osmolarity |
The "water attracting" property of a solution can be measured and is related to the concentration of dissolved particles in a solution. The number or dissolved particles in a solution influences the solutions osmotic pressure. |
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Active transport |
Movement across the concentration gradient union carrier proteins (e.g. sodium-potassium exchange pump) |
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Vessels formation (endocytosis) |
•Pinocytosis brings fluid and small molecules into cell •Receptor-mediated endocytosis brings specific molecules into cell using receptor molecules on membrane •Phagocytosis brings solid particles into cell |
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Exocytosis |
Moves waste and secretory products from intracellular vesicle to outside the cell |
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To cross a membrane a substance must move by |
•Diffusion •Osmosis •Active transport •Endocytosis •Exocytosis |
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Chromatin |
DNA loosely coiled forming thin filaments |
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Somatic cells have how many pairs of chromosomes? |
23 |
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Copied chromosomes are held together at a point called what? |
Centromere |
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Transcription |
Occurs in the nucleus; DNA's code is copied into mRNA |
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Translation |
•Occurs in the cytoplasm on ribosomes, composed of protein and ribosomal RNA (mRNA) •Complementary binding occurs between the antibodies of transfer RNA and codons of the mRNA •A chain of amino acids is built into a protein •Ribosomes detach leaving a protein molecule, ribosome, and mRNA |
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Apoptosis |
Programmed cell death |
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RBC life span |
Less than 120 days |
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WBC life span |
10hrs - decades |
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Molecules interact to form what? |
Cells |
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Cell combine to form what? |
Tissues |
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Tissues combine to form what? |
Organs |
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Organs combine to form what? |
Organ systems |
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4 types of body tissues |
•Epithelial •Connective •Muscle •Neural |
