Anatomyclass_Lowerlimbs2

Front 1

What are the 3 major nerves that supply the lower extremity?

Back 1

femoral nerve, sciatic nerve, & obturator nerve

Front 2

This nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh.

Back 2

Femoral nerve

Front 3

This nerve supplies the muscles of the medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh.

Back 3

Obturator nerve

Front 4

This is really 2 nerves that are bundled into 1 nerve in the thigh (tibial n. and common fibular n.).

Back 4

Sciatic nerve

Front 5

This nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh, leg, & plantar surface of the foot.

Back 5

Tibial nerve

Front 6

This nerve supplies the anterior & lateral compartments of the leg and doral surface of the foot.

Back 6

Common fibular nerve

Front 7

The external iliac artery passes deep to the inguinal ligament and is then termed the _______________. This is the main artery to the lower extremity.

Back 7

femoral artery

Front 8

This artery supplies anterior of the thigh.

Back 8

Femoral artery

Front 9

This branch of the femoral artery supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh.

Back 9

Profunda femoris artery

Front 10

As the femoral artery passes 「adductor hiatus 」 behind the knee it is renamed___________ and supplies around the knee.

Back 10

popliteal artery

Front 11

As the popliteal artery enters the leg, it branches into the________ and________.

Back 11

anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries.

Front 12

The anterior tibial artery ends as the ________ of the foot.

Back 12

dorsalis pedis artery

Front 13

A branch of the posterior tibial artery that supplies the lateral compartmet of the lef.

Back 13

fibular artery

Front 14

The posterior tibial artery ends as the _________.

Back 14

medial and lateral plantar arteries of the foot.

Front 15

Innervaterd by Anterior rami of lumbar nn This muscle acts conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint & in stabilizing this joint.

Back 15

Iliopsoas

psoas major m.
psoas minor m.
iliacus m.

Front 16

Innervated by Inferior gluteal n This muscle extends thigh & assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh & assists in rising from sitting position

Back 16

Gluteus maximus

Front 17

Innervated by Superior gluteal n Abducts & medially rotates thigh

Back 17

Gluteal medius, Gluteal minimus m.
O: Iliac crest, between ant. & post. gluteal line
I: Greater trochanter
Sup. gluteal n.
Extension / Med. rotation / Abduction

Front 18

Innvervated by Femoral nerve
This muscle flexes, abducts, & laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint

Back 18

Sartorius m.

Front 19

These muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve. They extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint & helps iliopsoas flex thigh

Back 19

Quadriceps femoris
Rectus femoris m. , Vastus medialis m.
Vastus intermedius m., Vastus lateralis m.

Front 20

These muscles are innervated by the sciatic nerve. They flex leg & rotate it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh

Back 20

Biceps femoris

Front 21

These nerves are innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve. They extend thigh; flex leg & rotate it medially when knee is flexed

Back 21

Semimembranous & Semitendinosus

Front 22

Innervated by obturator nerve.
Adducts thigh; flexes leg; helps rotate leg medially

Back 22

Gracilis

Front 23

Innervated by Obturator neve. Adducts thigh.

Back 23

Adductor longus m.

O: Inf. ramus of pubis,
ramus of ischium
I: Linea aspera
Obturator n. (Ant.)
Adduction (Thigh)
Flexion (Thigh)
Lat. rotation (Thigh)

Front 24

Innervated by Obturator nerve & tibial part of sciatic nerve. Adducts thigh; flexes thigh & extends thigh

Back 24

Adductor magnus m.
O: Inf. ramus of pubis
I: Linea aspera
Obturator n. (Post.)
Adduction (Thigh)
Flexion (Thigh)
Lat. rotation (Thigh)

Front 25

Innervated by obturator nerve.
Adducts thigh; to some extent flexes it

Back 25

Adductor brevis m.
O: Inf. ramus of pubis
I: Inf. to lesser trochanter
Obturator n. (Ant.)
Adduction (Thigh)
Flexion (Thigh)
Lat. rotation (Thigh)

Front 26

Adducts & flexes thigh; assist w. medial rotation of thigh

Back 26

Pectineus m.
O: Sup. ramus of pubis
(Pecteal line)
I: Pecteal line of femur
Femoral n.
Adduction (Thigh), Flexion (Thigh),
Lat. rotation (Thigh)

Front 27

Innervated by deep fibular nerve. Dorsiflexes ankle & inverts foot.

Back 27

Tibialis anterior m.
O: Lat. condyle
Lat. surface of tibia
Interosseous memb.
I: Med. cuneiform
1st metatarsal
Deep peroneal n.
Dorsiflexion (Foot), Inversion (Foot)

Front 28

Innervated by deep fibular nerve.
Extends lateral 4 digits & dorsiflexes ankle

Back 28

Extensor digitorum longus m.
O: Lat. condyle of tibia
Ant. fibula
Interosseous memb.
I: Extensor expansion, Lat.4 digits
Deep peroneal n.
Dorsiflexion (Foot)
Extension (4 toes)

Front 29

Innervated by deep fibular nerve.
Extends great toe & dorsiflexes ankle

Back 29

Extensor hallucis longus m.

O: Fibula, Interosseous memb.
I: Distal phalanx of great toe
Deep peroneal n.
Dorsiflexion (Foot)
Extension (Great toes)

Front 30

Innervated by Superficial fibular nerve. These muscles of the lateral leg everts foot & weakly plantarflexes ankle.

Back 30

Fibularis longus & Fibularis brevis

Front 31

Innervated by Tibial nerve.
Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joing

Back 31

Gastrocnemius m.
O: Lat. & med. condyle of femur
I: Calcaneus
Tibial n.
Flexion (Leg) Plantar flexion (Foot)

Front 32

Innervated by Tibial nerve. Plantarflexes ankle independently of knee position; steadies leg on foot

Back 32

Soleus m.
O: Soleal line (Tibia)
Fibula
I: Calcaneus
Tibial n.
Plantar flexion (Foot)

Front 33

Innervated by Tibial nerve. Weakly flexes knee & unlocks it; medially rotates ribia of unplanted limb
功能：屈膝關節、內旋小腿。
當膝關節在伸膝狀況卡住時，此肌肉有解圍的功能。

Back 33

Popliteus m.
O: Lat. condyle of femur
I: Post. aspect of upper tibia (Above soleal line)
Tibial n.
Lat. rotation (Thigh)
Med. rotation (Leg)

Front 34

Innervated by Tibial nerve. Flexes great toe

Back 34

Flexor hallucis longus
O: Post. surface of middle & distal end of fibula
Around med. malleolus, Groove on caleaneus (Sustentaculum tali)
I: Distal phalanx of great toe
Tibial n.
Flexion (Great toes) Plantar flexion (Foot)

Front 35

Innervated by Tibial nerve.
Flexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle

Back 35

Flexor digitorum longus m.
O: Post. surface of middle
end of tibia
Around med. malleolus
I: Base of distal phalanx of
Lat.4 digits
(Extensor expansion)
Tibial n.
Flexion (4 toes)
Plantar flexion (Foot)

Front 36

Plantarflexes ankle; inverts foot
主要功能是踝關節蹠屈（plantar flexion），在走路與跑步的過程中扮演非常重要的角色

(關節可以進行背屈（dorsiflexion）、蹠屈（plantar flexion）、內翻（inversion）、外翻（eversion）)

Back 36

Tibialis posterior m
O: Post. surface of upper
end of tibia and fibula
Interosseous memb.
Around med. malleolus
I: Tuberosity of navicular
Cuneiform
(Med. + intermediate)
Base of 2nd, 3rd, 4th
metatarsal
Tibial n.
Inversion (Foot)
Plantar flexion (Foot)

Front 37

Innervated by deep fibular nerve.
Aides the extensor digitorum longus in extending the 4 medial toes

Back 37

Extensor hallucis brevis m.
O: Calcaneus
& inf. extensor retinaculum
I: Great toe (Prox. phalanx)
Deep peroneal n.
Extension (Great toe)

Front 38

Innervated by deep fibular nerve.
Aidses the extensor hallucis longus in extending the great toe

Back 38

Extensor digitorum brevis m.
O: Calcaneus
& inf. extensor retinaculum
I: 2nd, 3rd & 4th phalanges
Deep peroneal n.
Extension (2nd, 3rd & 4th Toes)

Front 39

Innervated by medial plantar nerve.
Abducts & flexes 1st digit (great toe, hallux)

Back 39

Abductor hallucis m.
O: Calcaneus
I: Great toe (Prox. phalanx)
Med. plantar n.
Abduction (Great toe)
Flexion (Great toe)

Front 40

Innervated by medial plantar nerve.
Flexes lateral 4 digits.

Back 40

Flexor digitorum brevis m.
O: Calcaneus
I: 2nd ~ 5th mid. phalanges
Med. plantar n.
Flexion (2nd ~ 5th toes)

Front 41

Innervated by Lateral plantar nerve.
Abducts & flexes little toe (5th digit)

Back 41

Abductor digiti minimi m.
O: Calcaneus
I: Small toe (Prox. phalanx)
Lat. plantar n.
Abduction (Small toe)
Flexion (Small toe)

Front 42

Innervated by Lateral plantar nerve.
Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 digits

Back 42

Quadratus plantae m.
O: Calcaneus
I: Tendon of
flexor digitorum longus
Lat. plantar n.
Flexion (Toes)
Flexor accessorius

Front 43

Innervated by medial plantar nerve. Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit.

Back 43

Flexor hallucis brevis m.
O: Cuboid
Lat. cuneiform
I: Great toe
(Med. & lat. prox. phalanx)
Med. plantar n.
Flexion (Great toe)

Front 44

Innervated by lateral plantar nerve. Adducts 1st digit

Back 44

Adductor hallucis m.
Transverse head:
O: Metatarsophalangeal joint
Oblique head:
O: 3rd ~ 5th metatarsals
I: Great toe
(Lat. prox. phalanx)
Lat. plantar n.
Adduction (Great toe)
Flexion (Great toe)

Front 45

Innervated by lateral plantar nerve. Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting w. its flexion

Back 45

Flexor digiti minimi brevis m.
O: 5th metatarsal
I: Small toe
(Lat. prox. phalanx)
Lat. plantar n.
Flexion (Small toe)

Front 46

Innervated by lateral plantar nerve. Adducts digits (3-5) & flex metatarsophalangeal joints

Back 46

Plantar interossei m. (3)
O: 3rd ~ 5th metatarsals
I: 3rd ~ 5th toes
(Med. prox. phalanx)
Lat. plantar n.
Adduction (3rd ~ 5th toes)

Front 47

Abduct digits (2-4) & flex metatarsophalangeal joints

Back 47

Dorsal interossei

Front 48

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?

Back 48

It prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia & hyperextenstion of the knee joint.
前十字韌帶的功能，主要為限制脛骨向前位. 移，其次限制膝內翻及外翻彎曲，也同時限制. 脛骨內旋轉。

Front 49

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?

Back 49

It prevents the anteriior displacement of the tibia on the femur & helps prevent hyperflexion of the knee joint. It is the main stabilizing factor for the femur.
一是當作阻止脛骨向後移位的首要限制構造。 一是與前十字韌帶合作調節膝在伸直彎曲時轉回來機轉(knee Screw-home mechanism)。另外後十字韌帶也是維持對內外翻(varus, valgus), 及旋轉(rotatory) 穩定度的第二層保護網。